Lines and Lettering

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ALPHABET OF
LINES
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TYPES OF
LINES
LETTERING
TRACING AND
INKING
QUIZ
Learn Lines And Lettering in Engineering

Drawing!
You will be able to identify the alphabet of lines in
engineering drawing, draw lines correctly and use different
lettering shapes.. More and more inside..
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.l i n e s a n d l e t t e r i n g.
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ALPHABET OF
LINES
1.1 ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF
LINES
LETTERING
TRACING AND
INKING
QUIZ
1.
1.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF ALPHA
BET OF LINES
1.1.2 LINES IN ENGINEERING DRAWING
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
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QUIZ
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1.1.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF ALPHABET OF LINES
A.
A.33characteristics
characteristicsof
ofalphabet
alphabetof
oflines
linesare
areas
asfollows:
follows:
Form
Usage
Darkness and thickness
B.
B.To
Todraw
drawlines
linesusing
usingthe
thecorrect
correctdarkness
darknesslevel,
level,use:
use:
HB grade Dark and heavy lines
H grade dark and light lines
2H grade - light lines
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
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C.
C.To
Todraw
drawlines
linesmust
mustconsider
considerthe
thethickness
thicknessof
oflines,
lines,use:
use:
A small point (0.25 0.3mm) for light lines
Large point (0.5 0.7mm) for heavy lines
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
TRACING AND INKING
QUIZ
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1.1.2 LINES IN ENGINEERING DRAWINGS

Construction Line
Light
Object Line
Dark and heavy
Hidden Line
Dark and light
Centre Line
Dark and light
Plane Cutting Line
Dark and heavy
Dimensional Line
Dark and light
Short Break Line
Dark and light
Long Break Line
Dark and light
Phantom Line
Dark and light
Additional/Projection Line
Dark and light
TYPE OF LINES
Long
Object
NEXT
Dimension
Phantom
Center
Additional
Short
Construction
Hidden
BACK
Plane
Cutting
Log
ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
TRACING AND INKING
QUIZ
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A. Construction Line
Info:
Info:
Use
Use2H/0.3mm
2H/0.3mm
pencil
pencil
TYPE OF LINES
Long
Dimension
Object
Phantom
Center
Additional
Short
Construction
Hidden
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Plane
Cutting
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
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B. Center Lines
Info:
Info:
Use
UseH/0.3mm
H/0.3mm
pencil
pencil
TYPE OF LINES
Long
Dimension
Object
Phantom
Center
Additional
Short
Construction
Hidden
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Plane
Cutting
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
TRACING AND INKING
QUIZ
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C. Object Lines
Info:
Info:
Use
UseHB/
HB/0.5-0.7mm
0.5-0.7mm
pencil
pencil
TYPE OF LINES
Long
Dimension
Object
Phantom
Center
Additional
Short
Construction
Hidden
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Plane
Cutting
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
TRACING AND INKING
QUIZ
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D. Phantom Lines
Info:
Info:
Use
UseH/0.3mm
H/0.3mm
pencil
pencil
TYPE OF LINES
Long
Dimension
Object
Phantom
Center
Additional
Short
Construction
Hidden
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Plane
Cutting
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
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E. Hidden Lines
Info:
Info:
Use
UseHB/
HB/0.3
0.3-0.5mm
-0.5mm
pencil
pencil
TYPE OF LINES
Long
Dimension
Object
Phantom
Center
Additional
Short
Construction
Hidden
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Plane
Cutting
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
TRACING AND INKING
QUIZ
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F. Dimension Lines
Info:
Info:
Use
UseH/0.25mm
H/0.25mm
pencil
pencil
TYPE OF LINES
Long
Dimension
Object
Phantom
Center
Additional
Short
Construction
Hidden
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Plane
Cutting
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
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G. Long Break Lines

Info:
Info:
Use
UseH/0.3mm
H/0.3mm
pencil
pencil
TYPE OF LINES
Long
Dimension
Object
Phantom
Center
Additional
Short
Construction
Hidden
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Plane
Cutting
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
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H. Short Break Lines

Info:
Info:
Use
UseH/0.3mm
H/0.3mm
pencil
pencil
TYPE OF LINES
Long
Dimension
Object
Phantom
Center
Additional
Short
Construction
Hidden
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NEXT
Plane
Cutting
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
TRACING AND INKING
QUIZ
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I. Plane Cutting Lines

Info:
Info:
Use
UseHB/0.5-0.7mm
HB/0.5-0.7mm
pencil
pencil
TYPE OF LINES
Long
Dimension
Object
Phantom
Center
Additional
Short
Construction
Hidden
BACK
NEXT
Plane
Cutting
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
TRACING AND INKING
QUIZ
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J. Additional/Projection Lines
Info:
Info:
Use
UseH/0.3mm
H/0.3mm
pencil
pencil
TYPE OF LINES
Long
Dimension
Object
Phantom
Center
Additional
Short
Construction
Hidden
BACK
NEXT
Plane
Cutting
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
1.2
TYPES OF LINES
There are several types often used
in engineering drawing.
LETTERING
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Fives types:
Horizontal lines
Vertical lines
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Inclined lines
Parallel lines
Perpendicular lines
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
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QUIZ
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Drawing Horizontal lines
Horizontal lines
The head of the T-square must always be

placed closely against the drawing board
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
Drawing Vertical lines
TRACING AND INKING
QUIZ
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Tip:
You have to know the correct method of
creating lines neat lines.
Make sure:
-The pencil point always sharp. If you
are using a mechanical pencil, make
sure the grade of darkness and size are
appropriate. The usual sizes are 0.3,
0.5, and 0.7mm
-The pencil point must always be
contact with the paper as to apply
uniform pressure during line drawing.
-To obtain a uniform line darkness and
thickness, turn the pencil body little
(about half a turn) while drawing
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
TRACING AND INKING
QUIZ
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Drawing inclined lines

a) Drawing 15 inclined lines
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
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b) Drawing 30 inclined lines
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
TRACING AND INKING
QUIZ
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c) Drawing 45 inclined lines
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
TRACING AND INKING
QUIZ
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d) Drawing 60 inclined lines
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
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QUIZ
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e) Drawing 75 inclined lines
75
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
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f) Drawing 75 inclined lines on the AB line
75
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
TRACING AND INKING
Drawing Parallel lines

Step
1
Place the set square so that its parallel the

inclined line
Step
2
Slide the set square to the position where the

parallel lines are to be drawn
Step
3
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Notes :
Parallel lines are lines
which have the same
distance between them
Draw the parallel line
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
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Drawing Perpendicular lines

Step
1
Place the set square at 45 so that it is

parallel to the inclined line
Step
2
Slide the 45 square to that point where the

perpendicular line is to be drawn.
Step
3
Notes :
perpendicular lines are
lines that have 90
angle between them
Draw the perpendicular line
90
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ALPHABET OF
LINES
TYPES OF
LINES
1.3
LETTERING
Used to document a drawing.
Must be done without the use of ruler.
Each letter is written in uniform size, height, width
LETTERING
TRACING AND
INKING
and line thickness.

1.3.1 Types of Lettering
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1.3.2 Lettering Techniques

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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
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1.3.1 Types Of Lettering
i) The Standard upright letters

Written at 90 on the guide line.
ABCDEFGHIJKLMN
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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TYPES OF LINES
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ii) The standard inclined letters.

Written according to a slant range of between
60 and 75 on the guide line.
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
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1.3.2 Lettering Techniques

Use single stroke technique.
The arrows show the direction of the pencil
point while writing.
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
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Use the same pressure while writing from top to

bottom and left to right.
Write carefully so the letters touch the guide lines.
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
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i) Guide Lines
Used to set the height of the letters.
Drawn by using 2H pencil grade.
Do not erase the guide line after the lettering is done.
The space between the lines is half the height of a letter.
ORTOGRAPHIC
ISOMETRIC
H
H
H
Guide Line
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
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ii) Space Between Letters and Words

Space between letters must be about the same.
L IN E S
L ET T ERS
To estimate distance between words, imagine the letter O in
between the words.
LINES AND LETTERINGS

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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
TRACING AND INKING
QUIZ
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iii) Lettering Uniformity

Important to produce good drawings.
Uniform in style, size, inclination,
weight and space.
Carelessness might result in mistakes.
ENGINEERING DRAWINGS
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
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QUIZ
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iv) Examples of Common Mistakes in Lettering
LEtTErING
Lettering style not uniform

Lettering height not uniform
LE
TTERING
Lettering inclination not uniform
LETTERING
Lettering thickness not uniform
LETTERING
LET T E R ING
Lettering space not uniform
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1.4 TRACING AND INKING

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ALPHABET OF
LINES
TYPES OF
LINES
LETTERING
The process of copying an original drawing onto a

tracing paper using technical pen.
The product of tracing is called inked drawing.
Inked drawing may be printed using a blue printing
machine.
TRACING AND
INKING
1.4.1
Tracing and Inking Materials
QUIZ
1.4.2
Drawing Tracing and Inking Method
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
TRACING AND INKING
QUIZ
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1.4.1 Tracing and Inking Materials

a) Tracing Paper
A thin semitransparent paper.
Placed on top of the original drawing.
The drawing on the tracing paper is used as the
master copy for reprinting on the blue print machine.
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
TRACING AND INKING
QUIZ
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b) Technical pen
Used to ink drawing on the tracing paper.
Various pen point sizes from 0.1mm to 2mm.
Can be assembled with compass to draw arcs circles.
A technical has to be capped after used, if not its
ink will dry out.
Avoid dropping the technical pen so that the point
does not break.
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
TRACING AND INKING
QUIZ
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1.4.2 Drawing Tracing and Inking Method

Kept away all equipments and materials.
Use the sticky tape to set the position of the drawing.
Mistakes can be erased using a blade or ink eraser.
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
TRACING AND INKING
i) Inking method
O 30
Step 2
Ink all horizontal lines.
Step 3
Ink all vertical lines
including hidden lines.
30
15
Step 4
Ink all dimension lines
Including all the details.
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O 44
Step 1
Ink all centres, arcs and
circles.
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60
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
TRACING AND INKING
QUIZ
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ii) Inking Result

1.
Examples of good and poor inking.
Poor
Good
Suggestion
Make sure the pen point does not go beyond

the line and in contact too long at the beginning
and at the end of the line.
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
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2.
Bad
Good
Suggestion
Make sure the pen point is not in contact too long at the
beginning and at the end of line.
3.
Bad
Good
Suggestion
Make sure the pen point is really in the middle of the tracing paper.
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
QUIZ
TRACING AND INKING
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4.
Good
Bad
Suggestion
Make sure the tangent line is connected neatly.
5.
Good
Bad
Suggestion
Make sure the arrow head is sharp and pointed.
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ALPHABET OF LINES
TYPES OF LINES
LETTERING
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6.
Good
Bad
Suggestion
Make sure the hidden lines are neat and uniform.
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ALPHABET OF
LINES
TYPES OF
LINES
LETTERING
TRACING AND
INKING
QUIZ
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is
Spongebob, i
will help you
to complete
this easy
test..!!
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1.
What is the lines that is used in the early

stages of drawing?
A.
Construction line
B.
Short break line
C.
Object line
D.
Centre line
1.

stages of drawing?
A.
Construction line
B.
Short break line
C.
Object line
D.
Centre line
Your
answer is
CORRECT!
!
Next
Question
1.

stages of drawing?
A.
Construction line
B.
Short break line
C.
Object line
D.
Centre line
SORRY,
Your
answer is
WRONG
Try Again
2. What is the lines that is used to show

dissected plane?
A.
Additional/ Projection line
B.
Long break line
C.
Cutting line
D.
Hidden line

dissected plane?
A.
Additional/ Projection line
B.
Long break line
C.
Cutting line
D.
Hidden line
Your
answer
is
CORREC
T
Next
Question

dissected plane?
SORRY,
Your
answer
is
WRONG
A. Additional/ Projection
line
B. Long break line
C.
Cutting line
D.
Hidden line
Try Again
3.
Which characteristics of alphabet of lines are

correct?
I. Darkness and thickness
II. Area
III. Usage
IV. Form
A.
I and II only
B.
I, II and III only
C.
I, II and IV only
D.
I, II, III and IV
3.

correct?
Your
answer is
II. Area
CORRECT!
!
III. Usage
IV. Form
A.
I and II only
B.
I, II and III only
C.
I, II and IV only
D.
I, II, III and IV
Next
Question
3.

SORRY,
correct?
Your
answer
is
II. Area
WRONG
III. Usage
IV. Form
A.
I and II only
B.
I, II and III only
C.
I, II and IV only
D.
I, II, III and IV
Try Again
4. Which form of line best described phantom line?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
Your
answer
is
CORREC
T
C.
D.
Next
Question
A.
SORRY,
Your
answer is
WRONG..
B.
C.
D.
Try Again
5.
Table above shows types of pen point

sizes and their uses. Which of the following is correct?
A.
I and II only
B.
I and IV only
C.
I, II and IV only
D.
I, II, III and IV only
Your
answer
is
CORREC
T
5.
Table above shows types of pen point

sizes and their uses. Which of the following is correct?
A.
I and II only
B.
I and IV only
C.
I, II and IV only
D.
Next
Question
SORRY,
Your
answer
is
WRONG.
.
5. Table above shows types of pen point sizes

and their uses. Which of the following is
correct?
A.
I and II only
B.
I and IV only
C.
I, II and IV only
D.
Try Again
6.
Which phrases below best described the

definition of Tracing and Inking?
A.
Tracing and inking are the process of copying

an original drawing onto a tracing paper
using technical pen.
B.
Tracing and inking are the process of drawing

onto a tracing paper using technical pen.
C.
Tracing and inking are the process of

copying an original drawing onto a tracing
paper .
copying an original drawing using
technical pen.
D.
6.

A.
Your
answer is
CORRECT!
!

copying an original drawing onto a
B.
drawing
onto a tracing paper using
technical pen.
C.
Tracing and inking are the process of copying an
original drawing onto a tracing paper .
D.

technical pen.
Next
Question
6.

A.
SORRY,
Your
answer is
WRONG..

copying an original drawing onto a
B.
drawing
onto a tracing paper using
technical pen.
C.
copying an original drawing onto a tracing
paper .
D.
technical pen.
Try Again
7. The product of tracing is called ______.

A. Tracing drawing
B. Inked drawing
C. Printing drawing
D. Technical drawing
7. The product of tracing is called______.
Your
answer is
CORRECT!
!
A. Tracing drawing
B. Inked drawing
C. Printing drawing
Next
Question
7. The product of tracing is called______.

A. Tracing drawing
SORRY,
Your
answer is
WRONG..
B. Inked drawing
C. Printing drawing
Try Again
8.
What are the materials specifically used for tracing and

inking process?
I. Tracing paper
II. Technical pen
III. Mechanical pencil
IV. Liquid paper
A.
I and II only
B.
I, II and III only
C.
I, II and IV only
D.
I, III and IV only
8. What are the materials specifically used for tracing

and inking process?
I. Tracing paper
Your
answer is
II. Technical pen
CORRECT!
!
IV. Liquid paper
A.
I and II only
B.
I, II and III only
C.
I, II and IV only
D.
I, III and IV only
Next
8.
What are the materials specifically used for

tracing and inking process?
SORRY,
I. Tracing paper
Your
answer is
II. Technical pen
WRONG..
IV. Liquid paper
A.
I and II only
B.
I, II and III only
C.
I, II and IV only
D.
I, III and IV only
Try Again
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ALPHABET OF
LINES
TYPES OF
LINES
CONGRATULATIONS!!
You have completed the
quiz!!
LETTERING
TRACING AND
INKING
QUIZ
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ALPHABET OF
LINES
TYPES OF
LINES
LETTERING
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INKING
QUIZ
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ALPHABET OF
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TYPES OF
LINES
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INKING
QUIZ
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Learn Lines And Lettering in Engineering

1.1 ALPHABET OF LINES

TRACING AND INKING

1.1.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF ALPHABET OF LINES

TRACING AND INKING

TRACING AND INKING

1.1.2 LINES IN ENGINEERING DRAWINGS

Dark and heavy

Dark and light

Dark and light

Plane Cutting Line

Dark and heavy

Dark and light

Short Break Line

Dark and light

Long Break Line

Dark and light

Dark and light

Dark and light

TRACING AND INKING

TRACING AND INKING

TRACING AND INKING

TRACING AND INKING

TRACING AND INKING

TRACING AND INKING

TRACING AND INKING

G. Long Break Lines

TRACING AND INKING

H. Short Break Lines

TRACING AND INKING

I. Plane Cutting Lines

TRACING AND INKING

TRACING AND INKING

TRACING AND INKING

Drawing Horizontal lines

The head of the T-square must always be

Drawing Vertical lines

TRACING AND INKING

TRACING AND INKING

Drawing inclined lines

TRACING AND INKING

b) Drawing 30 inclined lines

TRACING AND INKING

c) Drawing 45 inclined lines

TRACING AND INKING

d) Drawing 60 inclined lines

TRACING AND INKING

e) Drawing 75 inclined lines

TRACING AND INKING

f) Drawing 75 inclined lines on the AB line

TRACING AND INKING

Drawing Parallel lines

Place the set square so that its parallel the

Slide the set square to the position where the

Draw the parallel line

TRACING AND INKING

Drawing Perpendicular lines

Place the set square at 45 so that it is

Slide the 45 square to that point where the

Draw the perpendicular line

and line thickness.