Operational Amplifiers (4.1-4.

3)

Dr. Holbert
April 3, 2006
ECE201 Lect-16

Op Amps
Op Amp is short for operational amplifier.
An operational amplifier is modeled as a
voltage controlled voltage source.
An operational amplifier has a very high
input impedance and a very high gain.

ECE201 Lect-16

Use of Op Amps
Op amps can be configured in many
different ways using resistors and other
components.
Most configurations use feedback.

ECE201 Lect-16

Applications of Op Amps
Amplifiers provide gains in voltage or
current.
Op amps can convert current to voltage.
Op amps can provide a buffer between two
circuits.
Op amps can be used to implement
integrators and differentiators.
Lowpass and bandpass filters.
ECE201 Lect-16

The Op Amp Symbol

High Supply

Non-inverting input

Inverting input

Output

Ground
Low Supply

ECE201 Lect-16

The Op Amp Model

Non-inverting
input

v+

Rin
Inverting input

v-

vo
+

A(v+ -v- )

ECE201 Lect-16

Typical Op Amp
The input resistance Rin is very large
(practically infinite).
The voltage gain A is very large (practically
infinite).

ECE201 Lect-16

Ideal Op Amp
The input resistance is infinite.
The gain is infinite.
The op amp is in a negative feedback
configuration.

ECE201 Lect-16

The Basic Inverting Amplifier

R2
R1
Vin

ECE201 Lect-16

+
Vout

Consequences of the Ideal

Infinite input resistance means the current
into the inverting input is zero:
i- = 0
Infinite gain means the difference between
v+ and v- is zero:
v+ - v- = 0
ECE201 Lect-16

10

Solving the Amplifier Circuit

Apply KCL at the inverting input:
R2
i2

R1
i1

i-

i1 + i2 + i-=0
ECE201 Lect-16

11

KCL
i 0

vin v vin
i1

R1
R1
vout v vout
i2

R2
R2

ECE201 Lect-16

12

Solve for vout

vin
vout

R1
R2

Amplifier gain:
v out
R2

vin
R1

ECE201 Lect-16

13

Recap
The ideal op-amp model leads to the
following conditions:
i- = 0 = i+
v+ = v These conditions are used, along with KCL
and other analysis techniques, to solve for
the output voltage in terms of the input(s).
ECE201 Lect-16

14

Where is the Feedback?

R2
R1
Vin

ECE201 Lect-16

+
Vout

15

Review
To solve an op-amp circuit, we usually
apply KCL at one or both of the inputs.
We then invoke the consequences of the
ideal model.
The op amp will provide whatever output
voltage is necessary to make both input
voltages equal.
We solve for the op-amp output voltage.
ECE201 Lect-16

16

The Non-Inverting Amplifier

+
+

vin

R1

R2

vout

ECE201 Lect-16

17

KCL at the Inverting Input

+
+

vin

ii1

i2
R1

R2

vout

ECE201 Lect-16

18

KCL
i 0

v vin
i1

R1
R1
v out v v out vin
i2

R2
R2

ECE201 Lect-16

19

Solve for Vout

vin vout vin

0
R1
R2
vout

R2
vin 1
R1

ECE201 Lect-16

20

A Mixer Circuit
R1
v1

R2

v2

Rf

ECE201 Lect-16

+
vout

21

KCL at the Inverting Input

R1 i1
v1

R2 i
2

v2

Rf

if

i-

ECE201 Lect-16

+
vout

22

KCL
v1 v v1
i1

R1
R1
v2 v v2
i2

R2
R2

ECE201 Lect-16

23

KCL
i 0

vout v vout
if

Rf
Rf

ECE201 Lect-16

24

Solve for Vout

v1 v 2 v out

0
R1 R2 R f
v out

Rf
R1

v1

Rf
R2

ECE201 Lect-16

v2

25

Class Example
Learning Extension E4.1
Learning Extension E4.2
Learning Extension E4.3

ECE201 Lect-16

26