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Three Phase

Grid
Connected
PV System
Elijah Toppo
(P12EL002)

Guide:
Prof. Janak J. Patel

Presentation Outline
Background and Trends
Photovoltaic Cell and Array
Boost Converter

DC link voltage control

MPPT

Current Control

Grid Synchronization

Space Vector Modulation


Hardware Implementation
Future Work

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World Energy Consumption,


1990 2040
International Energy Outlook 2013
1000000
900000
800000

Joules

700000
600000
History
Projections

500000
400000
300000
200000
100000
0
1990

2000

2010

2020

2030

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2040

Renewables 2011
Global Status Report

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International Energy Agency


(2011)
the development of affordable, inexhaustible and clean solar
energy technologies will have huge longer-term benefits. It will
increase countries energy security through reliance on an indigenous,
inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource, enhance
sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of mitigating climate
change, and keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise. These
advantages are global. Hence the additional costs of the incentives for
early deployment should be considered learning investments; they
must be wisely spent and need to be widely shared

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Typical Grid Connected PV


system

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Photovoltaic Cell
Generati
on

Separati
on

Collectio
n

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PV Cell Equivalent Model

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Photovoltaic Array

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Effect of
Irradiation

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Effect of
Irradiation

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Effect of Temperature

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Effect of Temperature

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Boost Converter

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Maximum Power Point Tracking

Power depends on Irradiance, temperature, shadowing conditions,


etc.

Non-linear characteristic

Low Power conversion ratio

Maximum Power Transfer (Impedance matching)

Algorithms

Constant Voltage Tracking

Perturb and Observe

Hill Climbing

Incremental Conductance

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Maximum Power Point Tracking

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Incremental Conductance
Method

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Incremental Conductance
Method

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Method

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Simulation of
MPPT

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Results of simulation

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Grid Synchronization

Frequency and Phase of Grid


Voltage

Quick response to changes in


utility phase

Rejection of noise and higher


order harmonics

Examples: ZCD, arc tan function,


PLL

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Synchronous Reference Frame PLL

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Synchronous Reference Frame PLL

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DC-link Voltage Control

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Current
Control

Decoupling
Control block

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Current
Decoupling

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Current Decoupling Block

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Space Vector Modulation

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Space Vector Modulation

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Hardware
Implementation

Boost
Converter
and MPPT

Grid Side
Converter and
Control

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Hardware Setup Solar Panel

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Hardware Setup Boost


Converter

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MATLAB Graphical User Interface

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Block Diagram of Grid Side


Inverter Control

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Image of Hardware Setup

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Hardware Setup Power Supply


PCB

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Hardware Setup Gate Driver

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Voltage Sensing Circuit

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Current Sensing Circuit

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Flowchart of
Program

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Results Sensed Voltage

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Results SRF PLL

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Results SVM

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Results Transformer Primary


Voltages

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Future Work

Integrating the PV system (Panel, Boost Converter with MPPT)


and the Grid-side inverter

Sophisticated grid synchronization methods which work with


unbalanced grids, high harmonic content, etc.

Feeding only active power into the grid, i.e. at unity power factor

Islanding techniques

Protection system

Different operating mode for handling grid faults

Ruggedized product with Human Machine Interface (HMI) for


commercial purpose
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References

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References

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References

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