Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Expense
Spiritual/cultural beliefs
Practicality of method
Some facts
Basic types of
contraception
Situational contraceptives
Abstinence
Coitus interruptus (withdrawal)
Very unreliable
Demands great self-control
Pre-ejaculate may contain sperm, esp. after a recent ejaculation
Barrier Methods
Male condom
Female condom
Diaphragm
Cervical cap
Vaginal sponge
Usually used with spermicides
All vaginal barriers may cause increased risk of
toxic shock syndrome if used longer than
recommended
Spermicides
Available as creams, jellies, foams, film,
suppositories
May require up to 30 minutes to become
effective
Minimally effective if used alone
May cause skin/mucus membrane
irritation, allergic reaction
Barrier methods
Male condom
Barrier Methods
Female condoms
Barrier methods
Diaphragm
Barrier methods
Cervical cap
Barrier methods
Leas shield
Contraceptive sponge
Intrauterine contraception
Two forms available in US
Paragard (copper T)
Mirena (releases levonogestrel)
Intrauterine contraception
Marketed in US to parous women in stable, long-term,
monogamous relationships
Inserted into uterus by physician, NP, or CNM
Nursing action: premedicate with ibuprofen to decrease
cramping with procedure
Usually inserted either during menses or during first six weeks
postpartum (may be inserted any time as long as not pregnant)
String protrudes through cervix into vagina (path for ascending
infection if exposed to STI)
Women should check string after each menses
Warning signs: late period, abnormal bleeding (may happen
with Mirena), abnormal discharge, s/sx of infection
Intrauterine contraception
Paragard
Intrauterine contraception
Mirena
Hormonal contraception
Hormonal contraception
Combined oral contraceptives (COCs)
Hormonal contraception
COCs
Action:
Hormonal contraception
COCs
Contraindications
Pregnancy
Hx of thrombophlebitis/thromboembolic disease
Acute or chronic liver disease or gallbladder disease
Estrogen-depended carcinoma
Undiagnosed menorrhagia
Smoking (esp. if over 35)
Diabetes
HTN
Hyperlipidemia
Hormonal contraception
COCs
Caution/relative contraindications
Hx of migraine headaches
Seizure disorder
Depression
Oligomenorrhea
Amenorrhea
Often safer than pregnancy
Hormonal contraception
COCs
Noncontraceptive benefits:
Hormonal contraception
Other combined methods
Hormonal contraception
Progesterone only pills (mini-pill)
Hormonal contraception
Injectable contraception
Hormonal contraception
DMPA actions & advantages
Hormonal contraception
DMPA disadvantages
Hormonal contraception
Implanted contraception
Emergency contraception
Used after unprotected sex, contraceptive failure, or
unsure protection
Should be taken as soon as possible after incident
No medical contraindications except established
pregnancy
Most effective in first 72 hours, but still somewhat
effective up to 5 days after coitus
Providing EC is the standard of care for women who
request it
Emergency contraception
Methods
Operative sterilization
Surgical procedures that permanently
prevent pregnancy
Very difficult to reverse
Vasectomy and tubal ligation
Extremely effective and cost-effective
Does not protect against STI
Operative sterilization
Vasectomy
Operative sterilization
Female sterilization