DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF HYDRO

POWER PLANT
Submitted by

RAGUL A

(612712114350)

SAKTHIVEL C

(612712114355)

SAKTHIVEL D

(612712114356)

SARAVANAKUMAR V (612712114357)

PROJECT GUIDE
Mrs. B.SUSILA., ME..,
(Asst professor)

INTRODUCTION
The objective of this project is to generate the electric power through
multistage water turbine wheel.
Nowadays power demand is increased. so this project is used to
generate the electric power in order to compensate the electric power
demand.
This Project is designed with turbine arrangement, dynamo, and
battery.
Hydroelectric generation can also work without dams, in a process
known as diversion, or run-of-the-river.
Portions of water from fast-flowing rivers, often at or near waterfalls,
can be diverted through a penstock to a turbine set in the river or off to the
side.

ABSTRACT
Importance of small hydroelectric power plants has been
increased more and more because of fast increasing electrical
energy demand.
Small hydro power plants have great importance caused by
their low administrative, executive costs, using water drink and
irrigation systems suitability for rural areas and low environmental
effects.
Hence, operation conditions and constructible possibilities of
the plants must be determined. In this study, the role of small
hydroelectric power plants has been investigated.

BLOCK DIAGRAMS

GENERATOR,SPUR GEAR,INVERTER

The theory is to build a dam on a large river that has a large drop in
elevation (there are not many hydroelectric plants in Kansas or Florida).
The dam stores lots of water behind it in the reservoir. Near the bottom of
the dam wall there is the water intake. Gravity causes it to fall through the
penstock inside the dam. At the end of the penstock there is a turbine
propeller, which is turned by the moving water. The shaft from the turbine
goes up into the generator, which produces the power. Power lines are
connected to the generator that carry electricity to your home and mine.
the propeller through the tailrace into the river past the dam. By the
way, it is not a good idea to be playing in the water right below a dam
when water is released!

GEAR CLASSIFICATION
Gears or toothed wheels may be classified as follows:
1. According to the position of axes of the shafts.
The axes of the two shafts between which the motion is to be
transmitted, may be
a. Parallel
b. Intersecting
c. Non-intersecting and Non-parallel.
Gears for connecting parallel shafts
Spur Gear
Teeth is parallel to axis of rotation can transmit power from one shaft
to another parallel shaft. Spur gears are the simplest and most common type
of gear. Their general form is a cylinder or disk. The teeth project radially,
and with these "straight-cut gears".

Spur gears are gears in the same plane that move opposite of each other
because they are meshed together. Gear A is called the driver because
this is turned by a motor. As gear A turns it meshes with gear B and it
begins to turn as well. Gear B is called the driven gear.

GEAR TRAINS
A gear train is two or more gear working together by meshing
their teeth and turning each other in a system to generate power and speed.
It reduces speed and increases torque. To create large gear ratio, gears are
connected together to form gear trains. They often consist of multiple
gears in the train. The smaller gears are one-fifth of the size of the larger
gear. Electric motors are used with the gear systems to reduce the speed
and increase the torque. Electric motor is connected to the driving end of
each train and is mounted on the test platform. The output end of the gear
train is connected to a large magnetic particle brake that is used to measure
the output torque
Types of gear trains
Simple gear train
Compound gear train
Planetary gear train

Power inverter
A power inverter, or inverter, is an
electrical power converter that changes direct current (DC) to
alternating current (AC) the converted AC can be at any required
voltage and frequency with the use of appropriate transformers,
switching, and control circuits. Solid-state inverters have no moving
parts and are used in a wide range of applications, from small
switching power supplies in computers, to large electric utility
high-voltage direct current applications that transport bulk power.
Inverters are commonly used to supply AC power from DC sources
such as solar panels or batteries.
APPLICATIONS OF SPUR GEAR
Electric screwdriver,
dancing monster,
oscillating sprinkler,
windup alarm clock,
washing machine and
clothes dryer

CONSTRUCTI
ON

Another type of hydropower, though not a true energy source, is

pumped storage. In a pumped storage plant, water is pumped from a lower
reservoir to a higher reservoir during off-peak times, using electricity
generated from other types of energy sources. When the power is needed, it
is released back into the lower reservoir through turbines. Inevitably, some
power is lost, but pumped storage systems can be up to 80 percent efficient.

WORKING PRINCIPLE
This type of project is used in the water storage areas. When high pressure
water flows through the turbine, the turbine will be rotated.
The rotating speed depends upon the pressure of the water flow. Dynamo
is coupled with the turbine. Dynamo is the permanent magnet with moving
coil arrangement.
Whenever the turbine rotates the moving coil in the dynamo also rotates.
Due to this voltage is generated. Then the generated voltage is stored in the
Battery.
This stored DC voltage used to different application. Through this way
electric power is generated and compensated to the electric demand. In this
multistage hydro power plant there are two turbines placed.
The first turbine is rotated as the water is supplied from the pump. Then
the same water is supplied to the second turbine through a water solenoid.

ADVANTAGES
No need of fuel input
Non conventional system
Does not release any harmful pollutants
Power generated is high compared to other power plants

APPLICATION
It is applicable in the dam side and agricultural areas etc.,

CONCLUSION
The benefits of hydropower as a highly reliable CO2-free and renewable
source of electricity production but also the need to maintain the ecological
functions of hydropower-affected water stretches have to be taken both into
account to achieve a proper and well-balanced approach to meet climate, water &
nature protection objectives.
It is important to ensure that existing and forthcoming EU policies to promote
hydropower ensure coherence with the Water Framework Directive/other EU
environmental legislation and clearly consider the ecological impacts on the
affected water bodies and the adjacent wetlands.
The discussion has shown that more holistic approaches for hydropower use
are needed. The focus should be on catchment level and not only site-specific or
on water body level

THANKING YOU