EXAMPLES OF STEPS TAKEN BY

THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

TO OVERCOME EDUCATIONAL
OPPORTUNITY INEQUALITIES

SOCIAL CLASS

ADDITIONAL FOOD PLAN (RMT)

Aim:
To improve students nutritional standard
so that they can stay focus during the
teaching and learning session.
To ensure that students physical and
mental growth and health are in the
optimum level by serving them well
balanced food.

Criteria of Selection:
For primary school pupils especially from
the rural area and the family monthly
income are less than RM400.

 Rate and Allocation:

Ministry of Education states that the rate
for pupils in Peninsular are RM1.80/day
while the pupils from Sabah, Sarawak and
Wilayah Persekutuan will receive
RM2.05/day.
The rate is calculated based on the cost of
raw materials and not including the service
requirement, fuels and also drinks.

Implementation Strategy:
RMT committee will select the food
supplier who is responsible for managing
food supplies, preparing and serving the
dishes, and also doing the cleaning.

 The school will choose 5 or 10 out of

20 menus listed by the Ministry of
Education.
The menus are being repeated each or
every two weeks based on the local
taste, the ability of the food supplies
and it should be corresponding with
the financial allocation.

1MALAYSIA MILK PROGRAMME

(PS1M)
Aim:
For pupils from poor family that have a low source
of income to have a balanced meal in school.
To ensure that students physical and mental
growth and health are in the optimum level by
serving them well balanced food.
To encourage students to drink milk in the early
stage.

Criteria of Selection:
For primary school pupils especially from the rural
area and the family monthly income are less than
RM400.

 Two types of scheme:

Paid Milk Scheme = involves voluntary
pupils participation whether subsidized or
not subsidized.
Free milk Scheme = involves free milk
supplies for the chosen pupils under the
dairy companies selected by Ministry of
Education.

Program objectives:
To encourage milk drinking habit among
pupils under Paid Milk Scheme.
Supplying milk for selected pupils from low
socio-economic status and are malnourished
through Free Milk Scheme.

TEXTBOOK LOAN SCHEME

(SPBT)
Aims:
To lessen the burden of the low income
parents.
To ensure that pupils that come from
unaffordable families are not being left out
in school.

In 2008, Ministry of Education has

provided free textbook loan to every
pupils regardless of their socioeconomic status.

 Policy Statement:
To ensure that all pupils in all government
schools, government-aided schools and
private Islamic school acquire Textbook
Loan Scheme without taking into account
the household income and the number of
children.

POOR STUDENT TRUST FUND

(KWAPM)
Ministry of Education has established the Poor
Student Trust Fund in 2003.
Aim:
To help the parents who are low-income and
unaffordable to send their children to school and also
to eradicate dropout due to the poverty.

Criteria of Selection:
Malaysian pupils who are in national primary
school/high school and Government Assisted School.
Poor student that The Head of Household registered
with eKASIH or eDAMAK and has been verified.
Poor student who is the family income is below the
National Poverty Line Income.

RM100 FOR STUDENTS: EARLY

SCHOOLING SPECIAL AID
In 2011, government approved an
allocation of RM530 million for RM100
For Students: Early Schooling Special
Aid specially for Year 1 until Form 5
pupils.
Objective:
To reduce parents burden in early years of
schooling as they have to spend some
money for schooling preparation.

 Criteria of Selection:
Malaysian pupils from Year 1 until Form 5.
Attended in government school,
government-aided school, Agama Rakyat
school and also registered private school.

Rate :
The rate for the aid is RM100.00 per
student.

TUITION VOUCHER SCHEME (SBT)

Aim:
To give chances to the poor students from year 4
until year 6 in government school or
government-aided school, who are weak in
Bahasa Melayu, English, Mathematics and
Science subjects so that they can master the
knowledge or at least have a basic knowledge of
the subject.

Objectives:
To add contact hour between teacher and pupils.
Pupils level of confidence will be increased in
improving their weaknesses and their basic
knowledge of the subject will be also increased.

 To increase pupils academic achievement.

To reduce the gap of achievement between the
pupils that come from loaded and poor family.
To increase the participation of the pupils from
poor family in higher education.

Criteria of Selection:
Malaysian pupils.
Year 4,5 and 6 pupils from government school or
government aided school.
Household monthly income is RM530 or below
for Peninsular Malaysia, RM585 or below for
Sarawak and RM685 or below for Sabah/Labuan.
Acknowledge by the teachers who teach Bahasa
Melayu, English, Mathematics or Science.

MINORITY GROUP

EDUCATION FOR ABORIGINES AND

PENANS
Aim:
To help the aborigines and Penans children to
receive basic education so that they are able to
contribute to the nation.

Policy Statement:
To ensure that aborigines and Penans students
have chances to gain access for a fine education.
To ensure that aborigines and Penans students
have chances to gain access in education
through their own language and culture and
based on their own environment in early
education.

 Implementation Strategies:
Implementing Comprehensive Special
Model School (K9) program.
Carrying out the Outreach Program to
gain awareness among parents on the
importance of education.
Preparing the Integrated Curriculum for
Aborigines and Penans (KAP).
Preparing Program Kelas Dewasa Ibu Bapa
Murid Orang Asli dan Peribumi Penan
(KEDAP)

Integrated Curriculum for Aborigines

and Penans (KAP)
Modular teaching type.
Minimal adequate syllabus and
emphasizes on mastery learning.
Considerations:
Dropout and absenteeism rates among
aborigines and Penans are very high.
Reading skill, writing skill and counting skill
mastery among aborigines and Penans are
really low.

 Lack of motivation to attend school as their

environment are more captivating.
Lack of emphasis on the importance of
education.

Objectives:
Mastering reading, writing and counting
skills.
Interested to attend school.
Practicing hygiene, health and safety
practices.
Interacting with local or outsider society in
harmonious and unity.
Inculcating positive attitude.

 Curriculum Content:
Level 1
3-4 years.
Module 1-4
If not mastering 3M in 3 years, they have to
add Module 4 (one more year).
Module Mari Ke Sekolah and Mari Belajar.

Level 2
3 years.
Module 5
Module Mari Berfikir

STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL

NEEDS

Special Remedial Program

For level 1 pupils who are having
difficulties in mastering 3M basic skills.
To ensure that all pupils are mastering
literacy and numeracy aspects.
Policy Statement:
To ensure all pupils that are facing
difficulties in mastering 3M skills are given
special remedial program.

 Implementation Strategies:
Restructuring the implementation method
for remedial program based on students
need.
Improving teaching and learning strategies
in Special Remedial to help pupils
mastering their 3M skills during
intervention period.
Deployment of Special Remedial teachers
based on their option, needs and
availability.

SPECIAL EDUCATION
Special education was established to fulfill the
educational needs of children with special
needs who have been identified to have vision
impaired, hearing impaired, learning
disabilities, and multiple disabilities in
preschool, primary, secondary and postsecondary level.
Implementation Strategies:
Providing access towards quality education,
relevant and appropriate for special needs pupils.
Providing more opportunities in vocational and
workmanship field.

 Providing equal opportunities for special

needs pupils that have potential to be
excellent students.
Providing sufficient, latest and suitable
teaching and learning materials for special
needs pupils.
Ensure that there are sufficient, trained
and skilled teacher in special education
field.

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