Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Specific Objectives
Illustrate the structure of RNA and DNA
Draw a nucleotide
Recognize the structural formulae of
What is DNA?
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
The backbone of DNA is based on a
Deoxyribose
base):
Purine
A, G
Pyrimidine
T, C
G-C Bonding
3 hydrogen bonds (triple bond)
Donor and Acceptor
Forms sugar
Phosphate
Backbone
What makes
DNA Different
from RNA?
Specific Objectives
Explain DNA as having an anti-parallel
structure
Explain the significance of the 5 and 3 end of
DNA in DNA replication
List the proteins /enzymes involved in DNA
replication
Explain how DNA replication occurs in a semiconservative manner
Explain the process of DNA replication
joined together.
The phosphate group on one nucleotide links
to the 3' carbon atom on the sugar of another
one. In the process, a molecule of water is lost
(condensation reaction).
joined together.
The phosphate group on one nucleotide links
to the 3' carbon atom on the sugar of another
one. In the process, a molecule of water is lost
-condensation reaction.
Anti-parallel structure
5 3 notation
will become
important
when we
discuss genetic
code
Replication:
Why?
When cells replicate, each new cell needs its own copy
of DNA.
Where?
Nucleus in Eukaryotes.
Cytosol in Prokaryotes
When?
S phase of cell cycle
What?
Many proteins: major is DNA Polymerase
How?
Semi-conservative replication
A very simple look at the process
First two individual strands in the DNA double
Semi-conservative replication
A very simple look at the process
First two individual strands in the DNA double
Semi-conservative replication
A very simple look at the process
Now suppose have a source of nucleotides -
Semi-conservative replication
A very simple look at the process
Now suppose have a source of nucleotides -
Semi-conservative replication
A very simple look at the
process
Compare the double strands that
formed on the left- and right-hand
sides. They are exactly the same . . .
and if we continue this process, they
would continue to be the same.
And if you compare the patterns of
bases in the new DNA being formed
with what was in the original DNA
before it started to unzip, everything
is the same. This is inevitable
because of the way the bases pair
together.
Semi-conservative replication
What does semi conservative
mean ?
The original DNA is shown all in
blue.
The red strands in the daughter DNA
are the ones which have been built
on the original blue strands during
the replication process.
You can see that each of the
daughter molecules is made of half
of the original DNA plus a new
strand.
That's all "semi-conservative
DNA replication
DNA replication
RNA
The sequence of bases in DNA carries
RNA
Getting from the code in DNA to the final protein is a
RNA
How does messenger RNA differ from
DNA?
1. Length
RNA is much shorter than DNA. DNA contains
the code for making lots and lots of different
proteins. Messenger RNA contains the
information to make just one single
polypeptide chain - in other words for just one
protein, or even just a part of a protein if it is
made up of more than one polypeptide chain.
RNA
How does messenger RNA differ from
DNA?
2. Overall structure
DNA has two strands arranged in a double
helix. RNA consists of a single strand.
3. The sugar present in the backbone of
the chain
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) has a backbone
of alternating deoxyribose and phosphate
groups. In RNA (ribonucleic acid), the sugar
ribose replaces deoxyribose.
RNA
How does messenger RNA differ from
DNA?
4. RNA uses the base uracil (U) rather
than thymine (T)
The structure of uracil is very similar to that of
thymine.
The only difference between the two
molecules is the presence or absence of the
CH3group.
Replication
How?
53 directionality
Starts with RNA primer
Leading Strand
Lagging Strand
Okasaki Fragments
Transcription
DNA RNA
What is the difference between DNA
and RNA?
Ribose Sugar
Uracil not thymine
Transcription
Where?
Nucleus in Eukaryotes
Cytosol in Prokaryotes
What?
When?
Why?
How?