English 4

Lecturer: Pamela Saerang, SPd.

English 4
WRITING
CHAPTER 3 BUSINESS AND MONEY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
A-Writing Product
Letter in response to a web page.
B-Idea Development/Organizing Skills
- Free writing to generate ideas.
- Using a graphic organizer to connect arguments and reasons.
- Analyzing the organization of a letter.
C-Revising and Editing
- Revising for content: faulty reasoning.
- Editing for form: hyphenation errors.
D-Critical Thinking
- Identifying and avoiding faulty reasoning
- Supporting an opinion with examples and predictions.

English 4
WRITING
CHAPTER 3 BUSINESS AND MONEY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
E-Grammar
- Expressing obligation with must, have to and should
F-Vocabulary Building
- Using context to define words.
- Identifying parts of speech.
G-Focus on Testing
- TOEFL IBT Stating a specific point of view.

English 4
WRITING
CHAPTER 3 BUSINESS AND MONEY

IN THIS CHAPTER

Genre Focus:
Argument
Writing Product: A letter in response to a web page article
Writing Process: Practice free writing
Read and discuss a web page article
Use a graphic organizer to connect opinions and reasons
Express obligations and give advice with must, have to and
should
Support an opinion with examples and predictions
Identify and avoid faulty reasoning
Identify and correct hyphenation errors

English 4
WRITING
CHAPTER 3 BUSINESS AND MONEY

CONNECTING TO TOPIC

Do you think money is equally important to

people all over the world?
How important is money to you?
How does money impact your life?

English 4
WRITING
CHAPTER 3 BUSINESS AND MONEY
PART 1 BEFORE YOU WRITE
EXPLORING IDEAS

DISCUSSING ATTITUDES TOWARD MONEY

Time is Money Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)
Money speaks sense in a language all nations understand Aphra Behn (16401689)
Capital as such is not evil; it is its wrong use that is evil. Capital in some form or
other will always be needed Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948)
Money buys everything except love, personality, freedom, immortality, silence and
peace Carl Sandburg (1878-1967).
It has been said that the love of money is the root of all evil Samuel Butler (18351948)

English 4
WRITING
CHAPTER 3 BUSINESS AND MONEY
PART 1 BEFORE YOU WRITE
DISCUSSING A QUOTATION

Free writing is a good way to generate ideas on a

topic before you write. When you free write, you
write as fast as you can without thinking too much
about what youre writing or where you are
headed. You do not need to think about grammar
and vocabulary. You also do not have to worry
about connecting your ideas. You can sometimes
come up with your best ideas when you allow
yourself to free write.

English 4
WRITING
CHAPTER 3 BUSINESS AND MONEY
PART 1 BEFORE YOU WRITE

Luck or Thievery
COLUMBUS, OHIO. October 28 was a lucky day for motorists driving along Interstate 71 at
about 9:30 in the morning. As a truck from the Metropolitan Armored Car Company sped
down the highway, its back door blew open and bags of money fell onto the road. When other
vehicles hit the bags, the bags split open, spewing over a million dollars all over the highway.
It didnt take motorists long enough to realize that the paper swirling around them was cash.
They stopped on and around the highway and scooped up handfuls of money, gleefully putting
$20, $50, $100 even $1,000 dollar bills into bags, pockets, ad purses. When the police
arrived, they estimated that over two hundred people had been helping themselves to the
bonanza.
Officials hoping to recover the money were not so gleeful. Columbus Mayor Dana G. Rinehart
called the motorists who took the money thieves and said, May they have many sleepless
nights. He states the government will prosecute anyone the police can find.
To encourage the return of the money, Metropolitan Armored Car Company has offered a
reward of 10% of all the money they receive. So far, however, they have received only
$100,000 from about thirty different people. One man gave back $57,000. Another man,
however, called to say he was set for life and was leaving town. Since the cash was insured
and belonged to local banks, many people cant see that they are hurting anyone by keeping
it. Even if the government prosecutes, it will have trouble convicting the thieves. Probably
two-thirds of the jurors would think the defendants should have kept the money, said

English 4
WRITING
CHAPTER 3 BUSINESS AND MONEY
PART 1 BEFORE YOU WRITE
VOCABULARY BUILDING
1. Armored

Protected from loss

2. Split

Pick up

3. Spew

Very happy

4. Recover

Charged with a crime

5. Scoop up

Find guilty of a crime

6. Gleeful

Spill

7. Bonanza

Tear open

8. Prosecute

Find

9. Convict

Sudden rich

10.Insured

Protected with a strong

metal

English 4
WRITING
CHAPTER 3 BUSINESS AND MONEY
PART 2 DEVELOPING WRITING SKILLS
DEVELOPING COHESION AND
CLARITY

EXPRESSING OBLIGATION AND GIVING ADVICE WITH MODALS

Giving advice using Should, Shouldnt and Ought to.
-

You should do your homework every night.

You shouldnt spend a lot of money. You need to save it for vacation.

Expressing Obligation using the modals: Have to, Dont have to,
Must, Must not.
-

They must arrive on time, or we will leave without them.

You have to turn in our papers tomorrow. We dont have to type them.

MODALS
MAY
MIGHT

CAN

COULD

WILL

WOULD

SHALL

SHOULD
OUGHT TO
MUST

Asking for Permission

May I go to the conference?

Future Possibility

I may be able to help you with your project tomorrow.

Present Possibility

We might be interrupting their lunch.

Future Possibility

They might make us an offer.

Ability

They can fix the problem.

Inability

They cant fix the problem.

Request

Can I have a cup of coffee?

Asking for Permission

Can I smoke in here?

Request

Could you help me?

Asking for Permission

Could I take tomorrow off?

Suggestion

We could try unplugging it.

Future Possibility

I could come to LA next month.

Ability in the Past

I left London so I could get a job here.

Promise

Ill give you a call on Monday.

Instant Decision

Ill take these figures with me.

Offer

Well book your tickets if you like.

Certain Prediction

We will see an increase in salary next year.

Asking for Permission

Would you mind if I opened a window?

Request

Would you make me a coffee?

Making Arrangement

Would you be available at 6pm tonight?

Invitation

Would you like to go out sometime?

Preferences

Would you prefer the window seat or the aisle?

Asking what to do

Shall I get the phone, or will you?

Offer

Shall I call a cab?

Suggestion

Shall we say 10pm at Roxy's then?

Advice

You should see a doctor, you dont look well.

Recommending Action

We should get a specialist.

Uncertain Prediction

Salaries should go up next year.

Advice

You ought to go to the dentist before you leave.

Obligation/Necessity

I must leave now to catch my train.

Prohibition

You mustnt ask too many questions.

MODALS
Asking for Permission May I go to the conference?

MAY
MIGHT

CAN

Future Possibility

I may be able to help you with your project

tomorrow.

Present Possibility

We might be interrupting their lunch.

Future Possibility

They might make us an offer.

Ability

They can fix the problem.

Inability

They cant fix the problem.

Request

Can I have a cup of coffee?

Asking for Permission Can I smoke in here?

Request

Could you help me?

Asking for Permission Could I take tomorrow off?

COULD

OUGHT
TO
MUST

Suggestion

We could try unplugging it.

Future Possibility

I could come to LA next month.

Ability in the Past

I left London so I could get a job here.

Advice

You ought to go to the dentist before you leave.

Obligation/Necessity

I must leave now to catch my train.

Prohibition

You mustnt ask too many questions.

MODALS
WILL

Promise

Ill give you a call on Monday.

Instant Decision

Ill take these figures with me.

Offer

Well book your tickets if you like.

Certain Prediction

We will see an increase in salary next year.

Asking for Permission Would you mind if I opened a window?

WOULD

SHALL

Request

Would you make me a coffee?

Making Arrangement

Would you be available at 6pm tonight?

Invitation

Would you like to go out sometime?

Preferences

Would you prefer the window seat or the aisle?

Asking what to do

Shall I get the phone, or will you?

Offer

Shall I call a cab?

Suggestion

Shall we say 10pm at Roxy's then?

Advice

You should see a doctor, you dont look well.

Recommending

SHOULD Action

Uncertain Prediction

We should get a specialist.

Salaries should go up next year.

English 4
WRITING
CHAPTER 3 BUSINESS AND MONEY
PART 2 DEVELOPING WRITING SKILLS
USING MODALS IN SENTENCES
1

Paying taxes

one should pay taxes no matter how much money he or she makes.
2

Drinking alcohol and then driving

You must not drive if you drink alcohol

overnment
spend
more
money
to clean up the environment.
3
Spendingshould
a lot of money
to clean
up the
environment

ought to give more money to the poor and the homeless.

4

Giving money to the poor

You must stop lying to me.

5

Lying

dont think I have to return jewelry found on the street.

Trying to find
the owner
of jewelry
on thereally
street need money.
ple6 shouldnt
steal
or rob
evenfound
if they

shouldnt borrow a friends car unless you really have to.

7

Robbing a persons house if you need money

English 4
WRITING
CHAPTER 3 BUSINESS AND MONEY
PART 2 DEVELOPING WRITING SKILLS
STRATEGY

SUPPORTING AN OPINION WITH EXAMPLES

A General truth is a statement of opinion that a lot of people would agree
with. When you write general truths, since they are still opinions, not facts,
you should follow them with a supporting example.
Example:
Most people like to have more money. That is why lotteries are so popular.
General
truth

Supporting
example

English 4
WRITING
CHAPTER 3 BUSINESS AND MONEY
PART 2 DEVELOPING WRITING SKILLS
ANALYZING THE ORGANIZATION OF A LETTER
October 20, 2015
Dear Editor,
Regarding the article about people who dont pay taxes on money they make from small home businesses
(Government Targets Small Business Owners, Oct 23.), my opinion is that the government should stay out of
at least one part of our lives our income!
First of all, most people who run small businesses are hones, law-abiding citizens. Many of them have other
jobs where they pay more than their share of taxes (unlike the very wealthy, who find ways to pay almost
no taxes). Others are people who want jobs where taxes are automatically taken out of their paychecks but
cant find them.
Secondly, the government requires too much paperwork from small businesses. If these businesspeople
have to keep the complicated records that the tax people require, they wont have time to sell old furniture,
prepare food for parties, or whatever their business involves.
Finally, and most importantly, this is supposed to be a free country, but the government interferes
everywhere. Let us be free at least in our own homes!
Sincerely,
Al Melinowski
Miami

English 4
WRITING
CHAPTER 3 BUSINESS AND MONEY
PART 2 DEVELOPING WRITING SKILLS
IDENTIFYING GENERAL TRUTHS AND EXAMPLES
IDENTIFYING GENERAL TRUTHS AND EXAMPLES - Look at the second
paragraph in the letter to the editor in. It states a general truth and then supports it
with examples. What is the general truth? What are the examples?

GENERAL TRUTH:
st people who run those small businesses are honest, law-abiding citizens.
EXAMPLES:
Many of them have other jobs where they pay more than their share of taxes
(unlike the very wealthy, who find ways to pay almost no taxes). Others are
people who want jobs where taxes are automatically taken out of their paychecks,
but cant find such jobs.

English 4
WRITING
CHAPTER 3 BUSINESS AND MONEY
PART 2 DEVELOPING WRITING SKILLS
WRITING EXAMPLES
1

The government loses millions of dollars every year because of people who dont pay
their share of taxes.

Most people who run those small businesses are honest, law-abiding
citizens.
Almost everyone lies in one way or another.
Lying is more common than you think.
Money is the root of all evil.

People commit all kinds of crimes for money.

Lack
of money
thehave
cause enough
of many problems
our society.
If
people
do is
not
money,inthey
wont be able to take care
of themselves well.

Many
lost
items dont
have any form of identification on them.
If you find
something,
its yours.

English 4
WRITING
CHAPTER 3 BUSINESS AND MONEY
PART 3 REVISING AND EDITING
AVOIDING FAULTY
REASONS

FALSE ANALOGY
Assuming that 2 things are similar in all ways just because they are similar
on one or two ways.
Example:
Opinion:
Reason:

Dancing is the same as fighting

Both are done with a partner

This is a false analogy. Just because both activities (dancing and fighting)
include two people, does not mean they are the same.

English 4
WRITING
CHAPTER 3 BUSINESS AND MONEY
PART 3 REVISING AND EDITING
AVOIDING FAULTY
REASONS

OVERGENERALIZATION
Saying that something is true for all people situations when it is only true
for some, or making a general statement based on only a few cases.
Example:
Opinion:
Reason:

Rich men arent generous

There is a wealthy man who comes into the restaurant where I
am a waiter, and he never leaves a tip.

This is an overgeneralization. The opinion is based on the case of only one

person (one rich man).

English 4
WRITING
CHAPTER 3 BUSINESS AND MONEY
PART 3 REVISING AND EDITING
AVOIDING FAULTY
REASONS

IRRELEVANT ARGUMENT
Giving an example or reason that does not relate to the opinion.
Example:
Opinion: I dont think the accountant was the one who stole money from the
company.
Reason:
She is so nice. She always says hello to me.
The fact that a person is friendly and seems nice has nothing to do with
whether she is capable of stealing.
An irrelevant argument might also suggest that because one event follows
another, it relates to it, when it really doesnt.

English 4
WRITING
CHAPTER 3 BUSINESS AND MONEY
PART 3 REVISING AND EDITING
AVOIDING FAULTY
REASONS

IRRELEVANT ARGUMENT
An irrelevant argument might also suggest that because one event follows
another, it relates to it, when it really doesnt.
Example:
Opinion:Borrowing money always causes problems
Reason:
Two day after Mario borrowed money from a friend, he had
a car
accident.
Obviously, Marios car accident was not caused by borrowing money.

English 4
WRITING
CHAPTER 3 BUSINESS AND MONEY
PART 3 REVISING AND EDITING
AVOIDING FAULTY
REASONS

CIRCULAR REASONING
Giving a reason that only restates the opinion in different words.
Example:
Opinion:
Peter never lies
Reason:
He is always truthful.
This is a circular reasoning. The reason (He is always truthful) is a
restatement of the opinion (Peter never lies).

English 4
WRITING
CHAPTER 3 BUSINESS AND MONEY
PART 3 REVISING AND EDITING
AVOIDING FAULTY REASONING
1. Everyone should return the money because the money should go back to the

Circular
Reasoning
bank. ________________
2. I heard about a woman who got some of the money and didnt return it. The
next day she fell and broke her leg. Then she knew she had done the wrong

Irrelevant
Argument
thing. ___________________
3. Insurance company always cheat people. My insurance company took

Overgeneralization
advantage
of me once. _________________

4. Picking up the money that fell onto the road is similar to picking flowers that

Analogy
grow False
in the forest.
_____________

5. The motorists who stopped to take the money should not be prosecuted for

Argument
stealing. They didntIrrelevant
cause the accident.
___________________

English 4
WRITING
CHAPTER 3 BUSINESS AND MONEY
PART 3 REVISING AND EDITING
REVISING FOR
CONTENT

CORRECTING SPELLING ERRORS

1. If a word is too long to fit at the end of the line, divide it between syllables and put
the second
ofdivide
the word
on that
the next
2. part
Dont
words
haveline.
one syllable.
3. Divide words after prefixes or before suffixes.
Con-struc-tion
Em-bez-zle-ment
Com-fort-a-ble
4. Divide words between two consonants.
Col-lege
Ad-dic-tion
Com-pul-sive

English 4
WRITING
CHAPTER 3 BUSINESS AND MONEY
PART 3 REVISING AND EDITING

Always edit your writing for spelling errors.

When you do, review the spelling rules but
remember that you cant always count on
rules to help you with spelling. You will often
have to use your dictionary to check words
you are not sure you have spelled correctly.

English 4
WRITING
CHAPTER 3 BUSINESS AND MONEY
PART 3 REVISING AND EDITING
MAKING A CORRECT HYPHENATION
1. Place

______________

2. Borrowing

______________

3. Expensive

______________

4. Accounting

______________

5. Irrelevant

______________

6. Organization

______________

7. Argument

______________

8. Immoral

______________

English 4
WRITING
CHAPTER 3 BUSINESS AND MONEY
PART 3 REVISING AND EDITING
CORRECTING SPELLING ERRORS
1. Successful

________

11. Activitys

2. Moralety

________

12. Educattion ________

3. Evil

________

13. Bigest

________

4. Honnestly

________

14. Partys

________

5. Truly

________

15. Planing ________

6. Estimatted

________

16. Carefull ________

7. Defendant

________

17. Decresing

________

8. Prosecutor

________

18. Conserts

________

9. Government

________

19.Beleive ________

10. Taxs

________

20.Sincerly________

________