A320 FLT CTRL Laws and Protections

A320 FLT CTRL Laws &.
Protections | Berlin, Dezember 2012 | POC
A320 FLT CTRL Laws & Protections
General
Normal Law
Load Factor Protection
Alternate Law
Bank Angle Protection
Alternate Law (without reduced protection)
High AOA Protection

Low Speed Stability
Direct Law
Stall Warning
Mechanical Backup
High Speed Protection

Abnormal Attitude Law
High Speed Stability
FLT CTRL Law reconfiguration

acc. FCOM 1.27.30
Positive Static Stability
Finish Presentation
Overspeed Warning
Pitch Attitude Protection
Auto Turn Coordination
Dutch Roll Damping
Prsentationskennung
Normal Law
Normal Law
Alternate Law
High AOA Protection
Direct Law
Low Speed Stability
Stall Warning
Mechanical Backup

acc. FCOM 1.27.30
Finish Presentation
Overspeed Warning

Dutch Roll Damping
Prsentationskennung
Pitch Control
Ground Mode
Flight Mode
Flare Mode
Direct relationship
between sidestick
deflection and
elevator deflection
no auto trim
Load factor demand

Auto trim available
at 30ft in descent
the system reduces
attitude by 2 over 8
seconds
Roll rate demand

max. 15/sec
Same as in Flight
Mode
After touch down
smooth transition to
Ground Mode
Lateral Control Sidestick commands
aileron and roll spoiler

depending of speed
After TakeOff smooth
transition to Flight
Mode
Prsentationskennung
Normal Law
Alternate Law
Normal Law
Alternate Law
High AOA Protection

Direct Law
Mechanical Backup
Low Speed Stability
Stall Warning

acc. FCOM 1.27.30
Finish Presentation
Overspeed Warning
Dutch Roll Damping (limited)
Prsentationskennung
Pitch Control
Ground Mode
Flight Mode
Landing Mode
Direct relationship
between sidestick
deflection and
elevator deflection
no auto trim
5sec after landing
active
Load factor demand

with less protections
Auto trim available
At Gear down Flight

Mode Direct Law
Direct stick toelevatorrelationship
Roll direct
Yaw Damper
available with rudder
deflection limited to
+/-5
Auto Turn
Coordination lost
Same as in Flight
Mode
After touch down
Ground Mode

depending of speed
transition to Flight
Mode
Prsentationskennung
Alternate Law
Alternate Law
without reduced protection
Normal Law
Alternate Law
High AOA Protection
Low Speed Stability
Direct Law
Mechanical Backup
Stall Warning

acc. FCOM 1.27.30
Finish Presentation
Overspeed Warning
Dutch Roll Damping
Prsentationskennung
Pitch Control
Ground Mode
Flight Mode
Landing Mode
Direct relationship
between sidestick
deflection and elevator
deflection
no auto trim
5sec after landing active
Load factor
demand with less
protections
Auto trim available
No High Speed
Stability
No Low Speed
Stability
Only Load Factor
Limitation
At Gear down Flight

Mode Direct Law
Direct stick toelevatorrelationship
Roll direct
Yaw Damper
available with
rudder deflection
limited to +/-5
Same as in Flight
Mode
After touch down
Ground Mode

depending of speed
transition to Flight Mode
Prsentationskennung
Alternate Law
without reduced protection
Direct Law
Normal Law
Alternate Law

Low Speed Stability
Direct Law
Mechanical Backup
Stall Warning

acc. FCOM 1.27.30
Finish Presentation
Overspeed Warning
Dutch Roll Damping
Prsentationskennung
Direct Law
Direct Law is the lowest level of computer

flight control.
Pilot inputs are sent to the control surfaces
unmodified.
Because of the large number of failures
required to degrade to Direct Law, it is
unlikely to occur during normal flight.
It is most likely to be encountered when the
landing gear is lowered after an inflight
degradation to Alternate Law.
Prsentationskennung
10
Direct Law
Ground Mode
Flight Mode
Flare Mode
direct stick to elevator

relationship
Direct stick to
elevator relationship
acc. slat/flap position
No protections
No A-Floor active
No Flare Mode
Lateral Control Direct stick to surface
Direct stick to surface

relationship
acc. slat/flap position
Max. roll rate:
clean 30/sec
slats ext. 25/sec
No Flare Mode
Pitch Control
relationship
Yaw mechanical
No yaw damping
No Auto Turn
Coordination
No auto trim
Prsentationskennung
11
Mechanical Backup
Normal Law
Alternate Law
High AOA Protection

Low Speed Stability
Direct Law
Stall Warning
Mechanical Backup


acc. FCOM 1.27.30
Finish Presentation
Overspeed Warning
Dutch Roll Damping
Prsentationskennung
12
Mechanical Backup
In the worst case of failures, such as complete loss of flight control computer power supply
the aircraft will revert to Mechanical Backup Mode.
Ground Mode
Flight Mode
Flare Mode
No Ground Mode
Pitch control
manually by applying
trim to the THS
No Flare Mode
Lateral Control No Ground Mode
Pitch control
manually by applying
trim to the THS
No Flare Mode
Pitch Control
Prsentationskennung
13
Mechanical Backup
In most cases
(e.g. by resetting the flight control computers)
the flight crew will be able to recover from
mechanical backup to either alternate or direct
law depending on type of failure.
Prsentationskennung
14
Normal Law
Alternate Law
High AOA Protection
Low Speed Stability
Direct Law
Mechanical Backup
Stall Warning

acc. FCOM 1.27.30
Finish Presentation
Overspeed Warning
Dutch Roll Damping (limited)
Prsentationskennung
15
If the aircraft under extreme conditions

leaves the protected envelope (e.g.
flipover by severe turbulence), the
Abnormal Attitude Law becomes active.
That conditions are:
Pitch
> 50 or
< 30,
Bank
> 125
AOA
> 30 or
< 10 (A320),
<15(A319,A321)
Speed
> 440kts or
< 70-90kts (depending on pitch)
Mach
> 0.91
Prsentationskennung
16
Ground Mode
Flight Mode
Flare Mode
No Ground Mode
Load factor demand

without protections
except Load Factor
Protection
No Auto Trim
No Flare Mode
Full authority Direct

Law
Yaw mechanical
Auto Turn
Coordination lost
No Flare Mode
Pitch Control
Prsentationskennung
17
Past recovery from Abnormal Attitude:

Ground Mode
Flight Mode
Flare Mode
No Ground Mode
Load factor demand

without protections
Auto trim available
No Flare Mode
Full authority Direct

Law
Yaw Alternate Law
Roll direct
Yaw Damper
available with rudder
deflection limited to
+/-5
Auto Turn
Coordination lost
No Flare Mode
Pitch Control
Prsentationskennung
18

PITCH:
ROLL :
YAW :
Double ADR fail
(2nd not self detected
VCAS or M disagree)
Triple ADR fail
Double SFCC Slat
channel fail (G+B)
FLT CTRL Law Reconfiguration
NORMAL
NORMAL
NORMAL
Double self detected

ADR failure
Double FAC fail
Double ADR fail (2nd not

self detected or AOA
disagree
Triple IR fail
Double HYD fail

(G+Y)
Yaw damper fail
RA fail, when
L/G down or
in CONF2 if
both LGCIU
failed
Double ELAC fail
Double HYD fail (G+B) Double Aileron fail

THS jammed
ELAC 2 + Blue HYD fail
ELAC 1 + Green HYD fail
ELAC 1 + Yellow HYD fail
One Elevator fail
Double self detected IR fail
EMER ELEC
CONFIG
(on batteries)
Double IR fail
(2nd not self
detected)
Loss of all spoilers

Triple SEC fail
PITCH : ALT (NO PROT)

DIRECT
ROLL : ALT
YAW :
acc: FCOM 1.27.30
FCOM-NG/DSC/27/30
Prsentationskennung
ALT (REDUCED PROT)

DIRECT
ALT
ALT (REDUCED PROT)

DIRECT
MECHANICAL
EMER ELEC from RAT

(after FAC 1 reset)
DIRECT
DIRECT
MECHANICAL
Crew Ident failed IR

action: switch off faulty IR
reset ELAC 1 + 2
DIRECT
DIRECT
ALT
19

PITCH:
ROLL :
YAW :
Double ADR fail
VCAS or M disagree)
Triple ADR fail
Double SFCC Slat
channel fail (G+B)
NORMAL
NORMAL
NORMAL

ADR failure
Double FAC fail

disagree
Triple IR fail
Double HYD fail

(G+Y)
Yaw damper fail
RA fail, when
L/G down or
in CONF2 if
both LGCIU
failed
Double ELAC fail

THS jammed
One Elevator fail
EMER ELEC
CONFIG
(on batteries)
Double IR fail
(2nd not self
detected)

Triple SEC fail

DIRECT
ROLL : ALT
YAW :
acc: FCOM 1.27.30
FCOM-NG/DSC/27/30
Prsentationskennung
ALT (REDUCED PROT)

DIRECT
ALT
ALT (REDUCED PROT)

DIRECT
MECHANICAL
EMER ELEC from RAT

(after FAC 1 reset)
DIRECT
DIRECT
MECHANICAL

reset ELAC 1 + 2
DIRECT
DIRECT
ALT
20

PITCH:
ROLL :
YAW :
Double ADR fail
VCAS or M disagree)
Triple ADR fail
Double SFCC Slat
channel fail (G+B)
NORMAL
NORMAL
NORMAL

ADR failure
Double FAC fail

disagree
Triple IR fail
Double HYD fail

(G+Y)
Yaw damper fail
RA fail, when
L/G down or
in CONF2 if
both LGCIU
failed
Double ELAC fail

THS jammed
One Elevator fail
EMER ELEC
CONFIG
(on batteries)
Double IR fail
(2nd not self
detected)

Triple SEC fail

DIRECT
ROLL : ALT
YAW :
acc: FCOM 1.27.30
FCOM-NG/DSC/27/30
Prsentationskennung
ALT (REDUCED PROT)

DIRECT
ALT
ALT (REDUCED PROT)

DIRECT
MECHANICAL
EMER ELEC from RAT

(after FAC 1 reset)
DIRECT
DIRECT
MECHANICAL

reset ELAC 1 + 2
DIRECT
DIRECT
ALT
21

PITCH:
ROLL :
YAW :
Double ADR fail
VCAS or M disagree)
Triple ADR fail
Double SFCC Slat
channel fail (G+B)
NORMAL
NORMAL
NORMAL

ADR failure
Double FAC fail

disagree
Triple IR fail
Double HYD fail

(G+Y)
Yaw damper fail
RA fail, when
L/G down or
in CONF2 if
both LGCIU
failed
Double ELAC fail

THS jammed
One Elevator fail
EMER ELEC
CONFIG
(on batteries)
Double IR fail
(2nd not self
detected)

Triple SEC fail

DIRECT
ROLL : ALT
YAW :
acc: FCOM 1.27.30
FCOM-NG/DSC/27/30
Prsentationskennung
ALT (REDUCED PROT)

DIRECT
ALT
ALT (REDUCED PROT)

DIRECT
MECHANICAL
EMER ELEC from RAT

(after FAC 1 reset)
DIRECT
DIRECT
MECHANICAL

reset ELAC 1 + 2
DIRECT
DIRECT
ALT
22

PITCH:
ROLL :
YAW :
Double ADR fail
VCAS or M disagree)
Triple ADR fail
Double SFCC Slat
channel fail (G+B)
NORMAL
NORMAL
NORMAL

ADR failure
Double FAC fail

disagree
Triple IR fail
Double HYD fail

(G+Y)
Yaw damper fail
RA fail, when
L/G down or
in CONF2 if
both LGCIU
failed
Double ELAC fail

THS jammed
One Elevator fail
EMER ELEC
CONFIG
(on batteries)
Double IR fail
(2nd not self
detected)

Triple SEC fail

DIRECT
ROLL : ALT
YAW :
acc: FCOM 1.27.30
FCOM-NG/DSC/27/30
Prsentationskennung
ALT (REDUCED PROT)

DIRECT
ALT
ALT (REDUCED PROT)

DIRECT
MECHANICAL
EMER ELEC from RAT

(after FAC 1 reset)
DIRECT
DIRECT
MECHANICAL

reset ELAC 1 + 2
DIRECT
DIRECT
ALT
23

PITCH:
ROLL :
YAW :
Double ADR fail
VCAS or M disagree)
Triple ADR fail
Double SFCC Slat
channel fail (G+B)
NORMAL
NORMAL
NORMAL

ADR failure
Double FAC fail

disagree
Triple IR fail
Double HYD fail

(G+Y)
Yaw damper fail
RA fail, when
L/G down or
in CONF2 if
both LGCIU
failed
Double ELAC fail

THS jammed
One Elevator fail
EMER ELEC
CONFIG
(on batteries)
Double IR fail
(2nd not self
detected)

Triple SEC fail

DIRECT
ROLL : ALT
YAW :
acc: FCOM 1.27.30
FCOM-NG/DSC/27/30
Prsentationskennung
ALT (REDUCED PROT)

DIRECT
ALT
ALT (REDUCED PROT)

DIRECT
MECHANICAL
EMER ELEC from RAT

(after FAC 1 reset)
DIRECT
DIRECT
MECHANICAL

reset ELAC 1 + 2
DIRECT
DIRECT
ALT
24

PITCH:
ROLL :
YAW :
Double ADR fail
VCAS or M disagree)
Triple ADR fail
Double SFCC Slat
channel fail (G+B)
NORMAL
NORMAL
NORMAL

ADR failure
Double FAC fail

disagree
Triple IR fail
Double HYD fail

(G+Y)
Yaw damper fail
RA fail, when
L/G down or
in CONF2 if
both LGCIU
failed
Double ELAC fail

THS jammed
One Elevator fail
EMER ELEC
CONFIG
(on batteries)
Double IR fail
(2nd not self
detected)

Triple SEC fail

DIRECT
ROLL : ALT
YAW :
acc: FCOM 1.27.30
FCOM-NG/DSC/27/30
Prsentationskennung
ALT (REDUCED PROT)

DIRECT
ALT
ALT (REDUCED PROT)

DIRECT
MECHANICAL
EMER ELEC from RAT

(after FAC 1 reset)
DIRECT
DIRECT
MECHANICAL

reset ELAC 1 + 2
DIRECT
DIRECT
ALT
25

PITCH:
ROLL :
YAW :
Double ADR fail
VCAS or M disagree)
Triple ADR fail
Double SFCC Slat
channel fail (G+B)
NORMAL
NORMAL
NORMAL

ADR failure
Double FAC fail

disagree
Triple IR fail
Double HYD fail

(G+Y)
Yaw damper fail
RA fail, when
L/G down or
in CONF2 if
both LGCIU
failed
Double ELAC fail

THS jammed
One Elevator fail
EMER ELEC
CONFIG
(on batteries)
Double IR fail
(2nd not self
detected)

Triple SEC fail

DIRECT
ROLL : ALT
YAW :
acc: FCOM 1.27.30
FCOM-NG/DSC/27/30
Prsentationskennung
ALT (REDUCED PROT)

DIRECT
ALT
ALT (REDUCED PROT)

DIRECT
MECHANICAL
EMER ELEC from RAT

(after FAC 1 reset)
DIRECT
DIRECT
MECHANICAL

reset ELAC 1 + 2
DIRECT
DIRECT
ALT
26
The load factor is automatically limited to:

+2,5g to -1g for clean configuration
+2g to 0g for other than clean configuration
Refer to FCOM 1.27.20; FCOM-NG / DSC / 27 / 20
Prsentationskennung
27
at bank angle <= 33 constant roll rate with stick neutral

positive spiral static stability for bank angle > 33
max bank angle 67
with AOA protection active max bank angle 45
with High Speed Protection active max bank angle 40
With bank angle > 45 autopilot and FD off
FD returns when bank angle < 40
Refer to FCOM 1.27.20
Prsentationskennung
28
High AOA Protection
If AOA > PROT the system switches to

protection mode in which AOA is
proportional to sidestick deflection.
Max AOA is MAX
To deactivate AOA protection push sidestick

> 8 forward
> 0,5 forward and at least 0,5 sec if <MAX
Below 200ft AOA protection is deactvated if
sidestick deflection is < half nose-up and
actual < PROT -2
Prsentationskennung
at AOA = PROT + 1 the auto pilot

switches off.
vPROT, VMAX and VFLOOR vary
according to x-weight and configuration
29
Low Speed Stability
Low Speed Stability replaces normal AOA protection

Available at 5 kts to stall warning speed + 10 kts
Introduction of gentle nose down signal
Audio stall warning is activated
VFLOOR protection inoperative
Modified PFD speed scale
Prsentationskennung
30
Stall Warning
In low speed (at speed threshold below VLS)

stall warning is activated at 1,03 VS1G

Refer to FCTM OP-020
Prsentationskennung
31
a/c recovers automatically from high speed upset

activated at VMO/MMO depending from flight conditions
(high acceleration, low pitch attitude)
THS setting is limited between present position and 11
nose-up
Positive spiral static stability to 0 bank
max bank angle 40
autopilot deactivates
Prsentationskennung
32
Above VMO/MMO a nose-up demand is introduced to avoid

excessive increase in speed.
The pilot can override that demand.
The aural overspeed warning remains available at
VMO+4 or MMO+0,006
Refer to FCOM 1.27.20; FCOM-NG / 27 / 20
Prsentationskennung
33
Over Speed Warning
The aural overspeed warning remains available at

VMO + 4 or
MMO + 0,006
Prsentationskennung
34
30 nose-up in Config 0-3

progressively reduced to 25 at low speed
25 nose-up in Config FULL
progressively reduced to 20 at low speed
15 nose-down
FD bars disappear at pitch > 25 nose-up or < 13 nosedown
Prsentationskennung
35
An aircraft with positive spiral stability tends to roll out of a turn by itself if the controls are
centered.
In other words the airplane reduces bank by itself aerodynamic configuration.
According FCTM Operational Golden Rules No.1
The aircraft can be flown like any other aircraft
the A320 series shows basic aerodynamic characteristic of positive static stability.
p.e. in Normal Law: Neutral spiral stability up to 33 bank:
Automatic pitch trim
The bank angle is maintained when the sidestick is at neutral
p.e. in Normal Law: Positive spiral stability restored above 33 bank:
No automatic pitch trim
The bank angle returns to 33 if the sidestick is at neutral
Prsentationskennung
36
Jens Pochandke| Airbus Simulator Admin
Deptmt. Training
Air Berlin PLC & Co. Luftverkehrs KG | Saatwinkler Damm 42-43

13627 Berlin | Tel: +49 30 3434-3015 | Fax: +49 30 3434-xxxx
Jens.Pochandke@airberlin.com | http://www.airberlin.com
KONTAKT
VIELEN DANK FR IHRE AUFMERKSAMKEIT

A320 FLT CTRL Laws and Protections

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A320 FLT CTRL Laws and Protections

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A320 FLT CTRL Laws &.

Protections | Berlin, Dezember 2012 | POC

A320 FLT CTRL Laws & Protections

Load Factor Protection

Bank Angle Protection

Alternate Law (without reduced protection)

High AOA Protection

High Speed Protection

High Speed Stability

FLT CTRL Law reconfiguration

A320 FLT CTRL Laws & Protections

Load Factor Protection

Bank Angle Protection

Alternate Law (without reduced protection)

High AOA Protection

Low Speed Stability

High Speed Protection

Abnormal Attitude Law

High Speed Stability

Pitch Attitude Protection

A320 FLT CTRL Laws & Protections

Load factor demand

Roll rate demand

Lateral Control Sidestick commands

aileron and roll spoiler

A320 FLT CTRL Laws & Protections

Load Factor Protection

Bank Angle Protection

High AOA Protection

Alternate Law (without reduced protection)

Low Speed Stability

Abnormal Attitude Law

High Speed Stability

Dutch Roll Damping (limited)

A320 FLT CTRL Laws & Protections

Load factor demand

At Gear down Flight

Lateral Control Sidestick commands

aileron and roll spoiler

A320 FLT CTRL Laws & Protections

Load Factor Protection

Bank Angle Protection

High AOA Protection

Alternate Law (without reduced protection)

Low Speed Stability

Abnormal Attitude Law

High Speed Stability

FLT CTRL Law reconfiguration

A320 FLT CTRL Laws & Protections

At Gear down Flight

Lateral Control Sidestick commands

aileron and roll spoiler

A320 FLT CTRL Laws & Protections

Load Factor Protection

Bank Angle Protection

Alternate Law (without reduced protection)

Abnormal Attitude Law

High Speed Stability

FLT CTRL Law reconfiguration

A320 FLT CTRL Laws & Protections

Direct Law is the lowest level of computer

A320 FLT CTRL Laws & Protections

direct stick to elevator

Lateral Control Direct stick to surface