GROUP 9

PERSONAL :
JUWITA CANDRA
REANEETA SAFITRIE
RIFKA NURHAQI

Pendidikan Biologi Non Reguler

Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam

Universitas Negeri Jakarta
2010

ASSALAMUALAIKUM WR.
WB

Linear
Momentum
and Collisions

CHAPTER OUTLINE

Linear Momentum and Its Conservation

Impulse and Momentum
Collisions in One Dimension
Two-Dimensional Collisions
The Center of Mass
Motion of a System of Particles
Rocket Propulsion

LINEAR MOMENTUM AND ITS

CONSERVATION
the momentum of an isolated system is conserved. The momentum
of one particle within an isolated system is not necessarily
conserved, because other particles in the system may be
interacting with it. Always apply conservation of momentum to an
isolated system.

IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM

In many physical situations, we shall use what is

called the impulse approximation, in which we
assume that one of the forces exerted on a
particle acts for a short time but is much greater
than any other force present.

COLLISIONS IN ONE
DIMENSION

PERFECTLY INELASTIC COLLISIONS

Collision between two objects is said to perfectly inelastic when total kinetic
energy
objects before and after the collision remain, so the value of the coefficient of
restitution equal to 1 (e= 1).
So the perfect springy collision applicable law and the law of conservation of
momentum
conservation of kinetic energy, the equation used is :

m1v1i m2 v2i ( m1 m2 )v f
AND

vf

m1v1i m2 v2 i

m1 m2

ELASTIC COLLISIONS
In some springy collision, kinetic energy conservation law
does not apply because there
change of kinetic energy before and after the collision.
In the collision lening most only apply the law of
conservation of momentum alone, and the coefficient
collision resilient partial restitution has a value between
zero and one.

ELASTIC COLLISIONS

Momentum:

Energy:

r
r
r
r
m1v1i m 2 v 2i m1v1f m 2 v 2f
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
m1v1i m 2 v 2i m1v1f m 2 v 22f
2
2
2
2

ELASTIC COLLISIONS
m1 v1i v1f m 2 v 2f v 2i
2
m1 v1i2 v1f2 m 2 v 2f
v 2i2

m1 v1i v1f v1i v1f m 2 v 2f v 2i v 2f v 2i

v1i v1f v 2f v 2i
v1i v 2i v 2f v1f

ELASTIC COLLISIONS EQUAL MASS

r
r
r
r
m1v1i m 2 v 2i m1v1f m 2 v 2f

v1i v 2i v1f v 2f
v1i v 2i v 2f v1f

v1i v 2f

v 2i v1f

ELASTIC COLLISION
MASS AT REST
v
1

m1

m2

r
r
r
m1v1i m1v1f m 2 v 2f

m1 v1i v1f m 2 v 2f

v1i v 2i v 2f v1f

v1i v 2f v1f

2m1
v 2f v1i
m1 m 2
m1 m 2
v1f v1i
m1 m 2

ELASTIC COLLISION GENERAL

CASE
v1
m1

v2
m2

2m1
m 2 m1
v 2f v1i
v 2i
m1 m 2
m1 m 2
m1 m 2
2m 2
v1f v1i
v 2i
m1 m 2
m1 m 2

TWO-DIMENSIONAL COLLISIONS

The game of billiards is a familiar example involving multiple

collisions of objects moving on a two-dimensional surface. For
such twodimensional collisions, we obtain two component
equations for conservation of momentum:

The Center of
Mass

In this section we describe the overall motion of a mechanical system in

terms of a special point called the center of mass of the system. The
mechanical system can be either a group of particles, such as a
collection of atoms in a container, or an extended object, We shall see
that the center of mass of the system moves as if all the mass of the
system were concentrated at that point.

The center of mass of the pair of particles described in Figure 9.17 is

located on the x axis and lies somewhere between the particles. Its x
coordinate is given by

the position vector of the ith particle, defined by

the vector position of the center of mass of an extended

object in the form

An experimental technique for determining the center of mass of a

wrench. The wrench is hung freely first from point A and then
from point C. The intersection of the two lines AB and CD locates
the center of mass.

MOTION OF A SYSTEM OF
PARTICLES

velocity of the center of mass of the system:

we conclude that the total linear momentum of the system equals the
total mass multiplied by the velocity of the center of mass.

Newtons second law for a system of particles

The center of mass of a system of particles of combined mass M

moves like an equivalent particle of mass M would move under the
influence of the net external force on the system.

ROCKET
PROPULSION

MENTUM OF THE SYSTEM TO THE TOTAL FINAL MOMENTUM,

WE OBTAIN

where M represents the mass of the rocket and its remaining

fuel after an amount of fuel having mass has been ejected.
Simplifying this expression gives

We divide the equation by M and integrate, taking the initial

mass of the rocket plus fuel to be Mi and the final mass of the
rocket plus its remaining fuel to be Mf. This gives

This is the basic expression for rocket propulsion. First, it tells us

that the increase in rocket speed is proportional to the exhaust
speed ve of the ejected gases.
Therefore, the exhaust speed should be very high. Second, the
increase in rocket speed is proportional to the natural logarithm
of the ratio Mi/Mf. Therefore, this ratio should be as large as
possible, which means that the mass of the rocket without its fuel
should be as small as possible and the rocket should carry as
much fuel as possible

 The

thrust on the rocket is the force exerted on it by

the ejected exhaust gases. We can obtain an
expression for the thrust

Thank You for your attention

Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb