April 23: Gabriel

Vocabulary. Connectors.
Relative Clauses. Listening
activity: Coldplay.

Write some sentences using these words:

Envious
Frightened
Down in the dumps: sad and fed up
Scared: with fear
Upset: angry
Let down: disappointed
Nonplussed: so surprised
Overwhelmed: so much things to do that you dont know what to
do.
Over the moon: delighted
Betrayed: you break the trust of someone.
Appalled: very shocked
At the end of your tether= you can not stand it more.
Cross: quite angry
Bewildered: you do not know how to deal with it.
However/ because of/ due to/ therefore/ in addition
=moreover/whereas= while in contrast= mientras que.

Connectors: choose de correct one .

1)______all her friends were on holiday, she stayed in.
?Because of
?Since
?For

2)They closed the theme park ______ the great losses.

?because of
?despite
?although

3)______the power of the storm, he decided not to sail that day.

?Concerning
?Considering
?Accepting

4)It was ______a tiring day that we fell asleep immediately.

?so
?resulting
?such

5)The police cordoned off (=cerr) the area ______ private cars shouldn't drive in.
?in order
?so that
?for that

 6)______their German was very bad, they could communicate with the
shop assistant.
?Since
?As
?Although

7)You can do the exam ______ you have you identity card.
?whereas
?while
?as long as

8)______French people love cooking, the English don't seem very

interested.
?Whereas
?When
?Whenever

9)F1 are______ fast that their wheels have to be special.

?such
?so
?very

10)The inspector has come ______supervise all our documents.

?for
?so that
?in order to

Connectors 2: Re-write the sentences so that they have the same meaning as the original. You must use the words
in brackets

1Contrary to my neighbours, I don't like

using the lift. (TO)
2As well as renewing the kitchen, she
redecorated her bedroom. (TO)
3Although the city has a 50 kph limit,
people are often fined for exceeding the
speed limit. (SO)
4Many sportsmen are disqualified as a
consequence of their illegal use of drugs.
(CONSEQUENTLY)

 5John won the race. Nevertheless/

however, he didn't feel happy. (DESPITE)
6Since you are her elder brother, you
must take care of her. (BECAUSE)
7She's an excellent secretary. However,
she has never been promoted. (SPITE)
8She opened the car window so that she
could get some fresh air. (IN ORDER TO)

Relative clauses

What are relative clauses?

Arelative clauseis a subordinate clause that modifies a noun .
Example:
Themanwho is smokingis the murderer
The nounthe manis modified by the relative clausewho is smoking.
Relative clauses give essential information to define or identify the
person or thing we are talking about.
How to use relative clauses
They are used to provide extra information. This information can either:
define something (defining clause),
Example:
The girl who is standing there is a world champion in karate.
or provide unnecessary, but interesting information (non-defining
clause).
Example:
Michael Jackson, who was a famous singer, died of an overdose.

 Relative clauses can be introduced by:

A relative pronoun:who, whom, which, that, whose.
Example:"The manwhois standing there is a famous writer."

A relative adverb:where, why and when.

Example:" The restaurantwhereI have dinner is nice."

None of them.

Example:"The man I met is extremely wealthy"

Relative Pronouns
who -subject or object pronoun for people
They caught the ladywhokilled her baby.
which -subject or object pronoun
I read the bookwhichis on the table.
I visited the townwhichyou told me about.
which -referring to a whole sentence
They were unsuccessful which is disappointing.
whom -used for object pronoun for people, especially in non-restrictive relative clauses
(in restrictive relative clauses usewho)
The boywhomyou told me about got the best grades in mathematics.
that -subject or object pronoun for people, animals and things in restrictive relative
clauses (whoorwhichare also possible)
I like the vasethatis over there.

Relative adverbs
where- referring to a place
The restaurantwhereI usually have dinner is nice.
when- referring to a time
There are timeswhenI feel so lonely.
why- referring to a reason
This iswhyshe refused the offer.
Subject Pronoun or Object Pronoun?
You can distinguish subject and object pronouns as follows:
If the relative pronoun is not followed by a noun or pronoun, it is asubject
pronoun.Subject relative pronounscan never be omitted (dropped.)
Example:
The applewhichis lyingon the table is sweet.
The teacherwholivesnext door is nice.

If the relative pronoun is followed by a noun or pronoun, the relative

pronoun is anobject pronoun.Object relative pronounscan be omitted
(dropped) in restrictive (defining) relative clauses.
Example:
The film(which)wewatched yesterday was fantastic.
The writer (who/whom)wemet last weekend is very famous.

 Restrictive Relative Clauses

1.Restrictive (identifying or defining) relative clausesgive detailed necessary
information. They are not put between commas.
I know the manwhois standing there
2. These clauses are often used indefinitions.
A novelist is someonewhowrites novels.
3. Object pronouns in these clauses can be omitted (dropped.)
Example:
The boy(who/whom)we met yesterday is from New York.
Non-Restrictive Relative Clauses
Non- restrictive (non-identifying or non- defining) relative clausesgive
interesting additional information which is not necessary to the meaning of the
sentence. These clauses are put between commas.
Example:
Martin Luther king, who was known for his fight for the civil rights, was assassinated in
1968.
Note:
In non restrictive relative clauses:
1.who/whichmay not be replaced withthat.
Example:
Jim,whowe met yesterday, is very nice.
NOT
Jim, that we met yesterday, is very nice.
2. Object relative pronouns cannot be dropped.
Example:
Jim,whowe met yesterday, is very nice.
NOT
Jim,we met yesterday, is very nice.

Forming relative clauses

Combine the sentences using a relative clause. Use relative pronouns only where necessary. Note that you have to use commas in some of the sentences.

A holiday in Scotland
1)We spent our holiday in Scotland last year. Scotland is in the north of Great Britain.
Last year we..
2)People live in Scotland. They are called Scots.
The people..
3)We first went to Edinburgh. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.
We first..
4)Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh. He wrote the Sherlock Holmes stories.
Arthur Conan Doyle
5)Then we visited a lake. It is in the Highlands.
The lake
6)Loch Ness is 37 km long. People know it for its friendly monster.
Loch Ness.
7)There we met an old man. He told us that he had seen Nessie.
An old man
8)We then travelled to a mountain. The mountain is near the town of Fort William.
We then
9)The mountain is the highest mountain in Great Britain. It is called Ben Nevis.
The mountain
10)I sent you a postcard. It was written on the summit of Ben Nevis.
The postcard..

 JOIN THESE SENTENCES USING RELATIVE PRONOUNS BEGINNING

WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. OMIT THE PRONOUN IF POSSIBLE.
1)The girl is my sister. I'm talking to the girl.The girlis my
sister.
2)This is the chair. The carpenter repaired it last week.This is the
chair..
3)She is married to a man. He is richer than her.She is married to a
man
4)She is the friend. She helped me with my homework.She is the
friend..
5)That is the swimming-pool. I used to go swimming there.That is the
swimming-pool.
6)That is the man. His wife is a famous actress.This is the
man
7)A doctor examined me last Friday. He was really kind.The
doctor was really kind.
8)The woman called the police. Her car had been stolen.The
woman. called the police.
9)I went to a restaurant last week. It was very expensive.The
restaurant.. was very expensive.
10)I saw a film last night. It was very interesting.The
film.. was very
interesting.

Coldplay: yellow. Complete it.

Look at the stars,

Look how they 1) ..for you,
And everything you do,
Yeah, they 2).all yellow.
I 3),
I 4). a song for you,
And all the things you do,
And it 5)"Yellow."
So then I 6)..my turn,
Oh what a thing Ive 7),
And it was all "Yellow."
Your skin
Oh yeah, your skin and bones,
8) ..something beautiful,
You know, you know I love you so,
You know I love you so.
I 9)..across,
I 10)across for you,
Oh what a thing to do.
Cause you 11) all "Yellow,"
I drew a line,
I 12).a line for you,
Oh what a thing to do,
And it 13)all "Yellow."


Your skin,
Oh yeah your skin and bones,
Turn into something beautiful,
And you know for you,
I'd 14).myself dry for you,
I'd bleed myself dry.
It's true, look how they shine for you,
Look how they shine for you,
Look how they shine for,
Look how they shine for you,
Look how they shine for you,
Look how they shine.
Look at the stars,
Look how they shine for you,
And all the things that you do.