INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL PETROLEO

Numerical Characterization of Heavy Oils

Student
Ing. Ricardo Antonio Lara Orozco
Advisor
Dra. Vernica Uribe Vargas

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Index
Introduction
Importance of Petroleum Fluids Characterization
Properties and Parameters
Experimental Characterization
Numerical Characterization
Characterization Method Developed at IMP

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Introduction
Petroleum industry is involved with many
types of equipment for:
Production
Transportation
Storage

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Introduction
For example:

Gravity Separators
Pumps, compressors, pipes
Storage tanks
Distillation colums
Reactors

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Introduction
Optimum design and operation of such units
require a complete knowledge of properties
and characteristics for crude oils.

Characterization

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Properties and parameters

Temperature-independent
Boiling point
Determine volatility
Estimate characterization parameters such as:
Average boiling point, molecular weight, composition.

Molecular weight
Convert molar quantities into mass basis
Predict composition and quality of oils
Predict physical properties such as viscosity

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Properties and parameters

Critical properties
Estimate physical and thermodynamic properties

Acentric factor
Estimate physical and thermodynamic properties

Other properties:
Refractive index
Pour point
Aniline point
Flash point
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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Properties and parameters

Temperature-dependent
Density
Great application in both petroleum production and
processing.
Calculate the sizes of pipes, valves, and storage
tanks.
Calculate power required by pumps and
compressors.

Vapor pressure
Calculate flash point, bubble point or dew point.
Temperature-independent
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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Properties and parameters

Viscosity
Estimate the rate of oil or gas flow and their
production
Calculate power required on mixers
Calculate the amount of pressure drop in a pipe
Design of oil/water separators

Fugacity coefficients
Most important of thermodynamic properties in all
phase behavior calculations.
Calculate vapor-liquid equilibria, bubble and dew
point pressure, pressure-temperature phase
diagram, and GOR.
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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Properties and parameters

Other properties:

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Heat capacity
Enthalpy
Heat of vaporization
Thermal conductivity
Surface tension or interfacial tension

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Properties and parameters

Temperature-dependent
properties

Presion
Temperature
Composition

Correlation
Equation of
State

Temperature-independent
properties
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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Experimental Characterization
Distillation curve

Pure compounds have a single value for the boiling point.

Boiling point of a mixture can be represented by a number of
boiling points for the components existing in the mixture.

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Experimental Characterization
Compositional Analysis

Petroleum fractions are mixtures of many different types

of hydrocarbon compounds.
A petroleum mixture is well defined if the composition and
the structure of all compounds present in the mixture are
known.

Types of composition:
PONA (paraffins, olefins, naphthenes, and aromatics)
PNA (paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics)
PIONA (paraffins, isoparaffins, olefins, naphthenesm and
aromatics)

SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes)

Elemental analysis (C, H, S, N, O)

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Numerical Characterization
The

most accurate method of estimating a

property of a mixture is through the knowledge of
the exact composition of all components existing
in the mixture

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Source: M. R. Riazi, Characterization and Properties of Petroleum Fractions, 2005.

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Numerical Characterization
Apropiate models should be used to represent petroleum
mixtures by some limited number of compounds that can
best represent the mixture

PSEUDOCOMPONENTS
With known composition and characterization parameters such as:
Boiling point
Molecular weight
Specific gravity

A physical property of the fluid can be estimated

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Characterization Method Developed at IMP

Characterization Method for Heavy Oils
PTCG-IMP
PVTCG-IMP
Sensitivity analysis:
Temperature of Reference
Maximum SCN (Single Carbon Number)
Number of Pseudocomponents
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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Characterization Method Developed at IMP

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Source: Adel M. Elsharkawy, Predicting the dew point pressure for gas condensate
reservoirs: empirical models and equations of state, de Fluid Phase Equilibria.

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Characterization Method Developed at IMP

A-1 Fluid

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Characterization Method Developed at IMP

Sin Nombre 2 Fluid

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Characterization Method Developed at IMP

Sin Nombre 3 Fluid

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Characterization Method Developed at IMP

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Thank you
for your attention!

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