KPP3014

CHAPTER 12 : THINKING SKILLS IN

SOLVING YOUTH PROBLEMS

Introductions
Thinking is an important skill for young students through adult school system
now
Used to get information, to solve problems in learning to use creative decisionmaking skills

Thought and Imagination, Mental

Thinking is the highest mental activity in man
Among a sample of human thought is the evolution of culture, art, literature, science, and
technology.
According to Hayes (2000), thinking in the context of psychological research led to the thought
that focuses on goal-directed
Thinking and behavior are inseparable.

 Thinking is a tool to adjust ourselves to the physical and social environment

According to Edward de Bono, the human mind and skills of thinking can be enhanced as other
skills.
Talent Runnels (2006) stated that the questions developed by teachers and student interaction
allows students to focus on specific topics and to develop the thought
The current education system is so oriented that the student must provide answers to comply with
existing or schema as this can kill the natural tendency for students to explore, treed setting, and
gain experience.

Most experts agree that active learning or learning to be effective as an active learning strategy helps
critical thinking.
Thinking is a skill that can be improved through experience and training. In addition, success depends on
human intelligence and reasoning ability, rather than physical strength of the man.
The thought is that the internal representation of a problem or situation. In addition, also involved with
focus thinking, memory, intuition, decision making, knowledge and so on.
Mental imagery is the strength to think, remember and solve problems. Students can also use mental
imagery to make decisions or solve problems, especially in teaching and learning situations.
According to Kosslyn (1983) Mental imagery is part of the mental rotation leading to a movement of
imagination.

Imagination Role in Improving Student Performance

Positive motivation and imagination to help and motivate students to maintain efforts to achieve
success.
Imagination can be used as additional training to master a lesson or skill.
Skills imagery can be used to change energy levels by using images that can provide energy and
enthusiasm to continue learning

Thinking Styles
Historical mindset, proactive and constructive, APC (Alternatives, Possibilities, and Choices) and PMI
(Plus, Minus, Interesting)
1.

Historis:
To know the causes of social problems among youth

2.

Proactive:
To know the effects that may occur as a result of social problems among youth

3.

Constuctive:
To find the way to overcome social problems among youth

4.

APC:
To find new ideas to solve this problem

5.

PMI:
To evaluate ideas

Teaching Strategy
Step 1 Teaching preparation : Start with getting the student attention and focus on the topic that being
teached.
Step 2 Delivery stimulation : Prepare a stimulated briefing such as information,example, and illustration.
Step 3 Students response : Provide time for the student to give their response regarding information which
are being prepared
Step 4 Reinforcement : Give a positive feedback such as praise and encouragement to strengthen the
suitable response.
Step 5 Valuation : Revise to scale to strengthen the primary response

Effect of Teaching Styles

Teaching influence the desire, motivation and creativity of students
two basic lesson that is:
1.

direct instruction :
factual information presented through lectures, demonstrations, and memorize

2.

open teaching :
Active discussions by teachers and students

Mastery of Concepts, Problem Solving, and Decision-making in Critical and Creative Thinking

Psychologists approach critical thinking as a process in an effective and productive thinking and
evaluating the evidence.
According to Sternberg (2007), critical thinking is an important aspect in psychology because this
method is contained in all disciplines.
Critical thinking provides opportunities for students to engage youth with ideas and not solve a
simple answer.

Problem Solving
1. Identifying the problem
2. Developing a Good Problem Solving
3. Think and conclude the solution in the long run

1. Identifying the problem

According to Mayer (2000), identifying a problem is
toward solving the problem. Asking questions are
relevant in identifying a significant problem.

Developing a Good Problem Solving

There are three strategies in identifying the problem,
the purpose of small, algorithms and heuristics.
Little purpose to help youth formulate the problem in
the current context to achieve the main objective
The algorithm is a strategy that guarantees the solution
to the problem.
Heuristic is a strategy or a quick guide that suggests an
answer to the problem, but does not guarantee the right
answer.

3. Think and conclude the solution in the long run

Teenagers are considered a good problem solver usually
motivated than other adolescents to improve the
performance of the previous.
Effective problem solving is something that should be
carefully thought out a 'box'. This situation occurs when
a person's previous strategy was not superior or
something does not change to a specific situation.

Environmental Benefits of Thinking in School and

Society for Adolescent Problem Solving.

Students who behave in a way also affect the

social life of the school and the community.
The concept of positive thinking experienced by
everyone at school, including the teachers and
community members to be positive, to help
address the problems of teaching and learning in
schools

Conclusion
Teachers should use critical thinking more broadly in
teaching and learning.
Students can apply the skills learned in the face of
problem-solving situations in everyday life.
According Mimbs (2005), As one teacher leader wrote,
thinking, problem solving and authentic assessment into
my classes. I have improved, but it still requires work.
Teachers shall be responsible for implementing the
teaching according to the rules they have learned
through professional courses in colleges and university
institutions.