NIGHT VISION

TECHNOLOGY
CONTENTS:
 Introduction
 Mechanism
 Generations
 Applications & Equipments
 Specifications
 Operations
 Development
 Conclusion
 Reference
INTRODUCTION:
 Can we actually see in the dark? Do
these things really work?


 The answer is yes.



 Literally allows one to see in the dark

 Originally developed for military use
 Evolved from bulky optical instruments to
light weight goggles
 With proper night vision equipment, we can
visualize anything at a distance over 200
yards on a moon-less cloudy night
MECHANISM:
IMAGE ENHANCEMENT:
 Employs collecting & amplifying lower
portion of infrared light spectrum
 Employs special tube called image
intesified tube & objective lens
 It has photo-cathode to convert phtons of
light energy into electrons


Continued..
Image Enhancement:
THERMAL IMAGING:
 Employs special lens & phased array of
infrared detector
 Detector takes one-thirtieth of second to
create pattern called Thermogram
 Thermogram translated into electrical
impulses & sent to SPU circuit board
 SPU connected to display unit where it
appears as various colour
 TYPES:-


Ø Uncooled Imaging Devices:

ümost common type
üinfrared detector element contained in a
unit that operates at room temperature
üsystem is quiet & activates immediately
üsystem is more durable & protectable from
rugged use

Ø Cryogenically Cooled Devices:
üsystems have elements sealed inside a
container that cools below 32F(0°C)
üincredible resolution & sensitivity
üuseful for detecting people or working in
near absolute darkness
üsystem can “see” a difference as small as
0.2F from more than 1000 ft(300 m)
away
Thermal
Imaging
GENERATIONS:
Four types of generations


Ø Generation 0
üDeveloped in earliest 1950’s
üBased on image conversion
üRequires a source of infrared light
mounted on or near the device to
illuminate target area
üIt was the oldest type and now no more in
use
üLow gain & less operating life



 Generation 1:
Ø Developed in 1960s
Ø Based on vacuum tube technology
Ø Employs fibre optics plate & photo cathode
tube
Ø Amplification: 1000
Ø Operating life: 2000 hrs
Ø Larger & heavier than succeeding
generations

Generation 1
 Generation 2:
Ø Developed in 1970s
Ø one-quarter moon operation
Ø Amplification: 20,000
Ø Operating life: 2500 hrs
Ø Eliminates the need of back-to-back tubes
Ø Multi alkali photo-cathode replaced with
 Ga-As photo-cathode
Generation 2
 Generation 3:
Ø Developed in 1990s
Ø Introduction of Ga-As photo-cathode & ion
barrier film on the MCP
Ø Amplification: 40,000
Ø Operating life: 10,000 hrs
Ø Ion barrier film increases operating life of
the tube to large extent
APPLICATIONS:
 Military
 Law enforcement
 Hunting
 Wildlife observation
 Surveillance
 Security
 Navigation
 Hidden-object detection
 Entertainment
EQUIPMENTS:
 Scopes
 Goggles
 Cameras
SPECIFICATIONS:
 Blooming
 Black Spots
 COMSPEC(Commercial Specification)
 Chicken Wire
 Diopter
 Distortion
Ø S-Distortion
Ø Shear Distortion


 Continued..
 Figure of Merit
 Fixed Pattern Noise
 Footlambert
 Gain
 Image Intensification(I2)
 Interpupillary Distance
 Lumen
 Resolution
 Scintillation
 Signal-to-Noise Ratio
 Zeroing
OPERATIONS:
 Manoeuvre
 Firepower
 Command & Control
REFERENCES:
 www.answer.com
 www.nightvision.com
 www.google.com
 www.wikipedia.org