BAMBOO

INTRODUCTION

Bamboo has been in wide usage since ancient times as a low-cost material
for houses, bridges etc.

Is viewed as a material preferred only by the poor or for temporary

constructions

Unpopular
conventional
construction
to Its
lowgrowth
durability,
lack from
of
One of thein fastest
growing
plants ondue
Earth.
rate ranges
30cm to 1 design
m in 24data,
hours.
structural
exclusion from building codes etc.
The strongest part of a bamboo stalk is its node, where branching occurs.
Bamboo has also long been used as scaffolding.

advantages

Strength
Bamboo
is
an
extremelystrongnatural fibre, on
par with standard hardwoods.

Flexibility - Bamboo is highly

flexible.During its growth, it may be
trained to grow in unconventional
shapes .

Earthquake-resistance - It has a
great capacity for shock absorption,
which makes it particularly useful in
earthquake-prone areas.

1200

Lightweight
Bamboo
is
extremelylightweight.
Consequently,
building
with
bamboo can be accomplished faster
with simple tools

1000

Cost-effective

Economical,
especially in areas where it is
cultivated and is readily available.
Transporting cost is also much
lesser.

200

Comparative
analysis

800
600
400

0
Rate of construction per sq.foot in INR

Concr
ete

UNTREATED BAMBOO
SHRINKAGE
Untreated bamboo has the following life spans
in different conditions
REDUCTION
BORAX BORIC ACID
PRESERVATION
> Exposure to soil and atmosphere = 1-3
TREATMENT
years
NEEM SEED OIL TREATMEN
> Under cover = 4-7 years
EPOXY TREATMENT
> Very favourable conditions = 10-15
years
Natural durability also depends on the
Protection
of bamboo
species
of the bamboo
During the casting and curing of
concrete,
reinforcing
bamboo
absorbs water and expands
The swelling of bamboo pushes
the concrete away
Then at the end of the curing period,
the bamboo loses the moisture
and shrinks back almost to its
original dimensions leaving voids
around itself
One effective treatment is the
application of a thin layer of epoxy
to the bamboo surface followed
by a coating of fine sand.

Bamboo foundations
COMPOSITE BAMBOO-CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS

Single Post
Footing

Strip
Footing

Bamboo foundations
BAMBOO PILES

Bamboo compacts soft soil, thus

increasing the bearing capacity of soil.
The friction provided by the constructiongrade bamboo increases its load-bearing
capacity.
Treated split bamboo piles 8m long and 80
to 90mm in diameter were filled with
coconut coir strands wrapped with jute.
A
sustainable
house
in
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala where
bamboo piles
have been used as
foundation . The foundation is further
strengthened by bamboo reinforced
concrete.

The sections were then tied

with galvanised iron wire.
After installation of the piles
@2m c/c by drop hammer,
the area is covered with a
2.5m surcharge of sandy
material.

Bamboo WALLS

WOVEN
BAMBOO
WALL

WHOLE
BAMBOO
CULMS

VERTICAL
HALVED
CULMS

BAJAREQUE

WATTLE AND
DAUB

bamboo column AND BEAM

Bamboo Reinforced Column

Bamboo Beams

Limitations and drawbacks

Few considerations currently limit the use of bamboo as a
universally applicable construction material
Jointing techniques - Although many traditional joint
types exist, their structural efficiency is low. Considerable
research has been directed at the development of more
effective methods.
Flammability - Bamboo structures are not fire-resistant,
and the cost of treatment, where available, is relatively
high.
Lack of design guidance and codification The
engineering design of bamboo structures has not yet been
fully addressed. There is little or no data containing
specifications of bamboo.

STONE

The construction of stones bonded together with mortar is

termed as stone masonry where the stones are available in a
abundance in nature, on cutting and dressing to the proper shape,
they provide an economical material for the construction of various
building components such as walls, columns, footings, arches, lintels,
beams etc
General
Principles

As far as possible broken stones or

small stones chips should not
be
used.

Double scaffolding should be used for

working at higher level.

The masonry hearting should be

properly packed with mortar and
chips if necessary to avoid hallows.

The properly wetted stones should be

used to avoid mortar moisture being
sucked.

STONE USED AS A CONSTRUCTION

1)
Building foundations, walls, piers, pillars, and architectural works.
MATERIAL
2)

Lintels, Beams, beams Arches, domes etc.,

3)

Roofs and Roof coverings.

4)

Cladding Works

5)

Dams, light houses, monumental structures.

6)

Flooring and Paving jobs

7)

Railway, ballast, black boards and electrical switch boards

FOUNDATIONS

Padstones A single stone which

both spreads the weight on the
ground and raises the timber off of
the ground.

Stone foundations
Dry stone and stones laid
in mortar to build foundations are
common in many parts of the
world. Dry laid stone foundations
may have been be pointed with
mortar after construction.
Sometimes the top, visible course
of stone is hewn, quarried stones.

Rubble trench foundations

Rubble trench foundations are a
shallow trench filled with rubble or
stones. These foundations extend
below the frost line .

STONE LINTELS AND

Stone lintels :
ARCHES
Used , where stones are easily available.

Consists of a simple stone slab of greater

thickness.
Due to high cost and its inability to with
stand the transverse stress load, hence
not widely used .
Stone arches :
The structure constructed of wedge shaped
block of stones ,jointed together with mortar
and provided across the opening to carry the
weight of the structure above the opening.

ROOFING
SLATE ROOFING : Slateis a finely
grained,foliated,
homogeneousmetamorphic
rock ,smooth flat sheets of stone which
have long been used forroofingand floor
tiles and other purposes
ROOF SHINGLES : are aroofcovering
consisting of individual overlapping
elements. These elements are typically
flat, rectangular shapes laid in courses
from the bottom edge of the roof up,
with each successive course overlapping
the joints below. Shingles are made of
various materials such asslate,flagstone
etc .

CLADDING
The traditional hand fixed cladding
system typically carries the load of the
cladding to a load bearing fixing
situated at the floor plate. The stones
above are simply restrained using
Restraint fixings.

THANK YOU