8085

ARCHITECTUR
E

Microprocessor ?
A microprocessor is multi
programmable clock driven
register based
semiconductor device that is
used to fetch , process and
execute a data within
fraction of seconds.

PIN CONFIGURATION

THE 8085 AND ITS

BUSSES
The 8085 is an 8-bit
general purpose
microprocessor that can address 64K Byte of
memory.
It has 40 pins and uses +5V for power. It can run
at a maximum frequency of 3 MHz.
-The pins on the chip can be grouped into 6
groups:
Address Bus.
Data Bus.
Control and Status Signals.
Power supply and frequency.
Externally Initiated Signals.
Serial I/O ports.

The Address and Data

Busses

The address bus has 8 signal lines A8 A15 which are

unidirectional.
The other 8 address bits are multiplexed (time shared) with
the 8 data bits.
So, the bits AD0 AD7 are bi-directional and serve as A0
A7 and D0 D7 at the same time.
During the execution of the instruction, these lines carry
the address bits during the early part, then during the
late parts of the execution, they carry the 8 data bits.
In order to separate the address from the data, we can use a
latch to save the value before the function of the bits
changes.

SOD

SID

TRAP

RST 7.5

RST 6.5

INTA
RST 5.5

INTR

8085 ARCHITECTURE
Interrupt controller

Serial I/O controller

8 bit internal Data Bus

Multiplexer

Instruction Reg

Reg array

Temp Reg

Accumulator

Flag Flip Flo

ps

Instruction D
ecoder and Ma
chine Cycle E
ncoding

ALU

W tem
p

Z tem
p

Stack Pointer (16)

Program counter (16)

Inc/dec latch

Timing and control

Clk gen
Address Buffer

Reset
out

Reset

Reset in

HOLD

HLDA

DMA

IO/M

S1

ALE

Status

WR

Clk
out

RD

Control

S0

X2

Ready

X1

A15 A8
Address
Buss

Data/ Address
Buffer

AD0 AD7
Address/
Data
Buss

Flag Register
The flags are affected by the arithmetic and logical
instruction
D7
S

D6
Z

D5

D4
AC

D3

D2
P

D1

D0
CY

Accumulator
It is an 8 bit register
For any arithmetic and logical
instruction one of the data should be in
this register
It is used for storing the result of any
arithmetic and logical manipulations.
It is also called as A register
All the data which are sent to I/O
devices are sent via A register.

Temporary register
It

is used to hold the data

during the operation of
arithmetic and logical
operation

Sign Flag
If

the D7 bit of the

accumulator is set then this
flag is set i.e 1 meaning that
the result is in negative.
Ex. 7-8 = -1

Carry flag
During the arithmetic operation if a
carry occurs then this flag is set.
Ex. F1+1F=1
10

Carry

Zero flag
During

the arithmetic/
logical operation if the
result is zero then this
flag is set.
Ex. FF-FF = 00

Parity flag
After

the of the arithmetic

and logical operation if the
result is even then this flag is
set.
Ex. 0A-02 = 08

Auxiliary carry flag

During

BCD arithmetic operation

when a carry is generated by D3 bit
and passed on to D4 bit then this
flag is set.
Ex. 1F+11 = 0001 1111 +
0001 0001
= 0010 0000

Timing and control

It

synchronizes all the

operation with the clock
and generates the
communication between
the microprocessor and
peripherals

Instruction Register and

decoder
The instruction is loaded
in the instruction register
The decoder decodes them
and establishes the
operation that has to be
performed

Register array
The

W and Z register are

temporary registers
Used to hold the 8 bit data
during the execution and it is
used internally .
It is not used by the
programmer.

Control and status

signals
Machine
Cycle

IO/M

S1

S0

Opcode
fetch

Memory
read

Memory
write

I/O read

I/O write

Arithmetic and Logical

unit
It

is an 8 bit register
It is used for performing
addition, subtraction and
logical operation.
AND, OR, NOT, XOR, CMP are
some of the logical operation.

Program Counter
It

is a 16 bit register
It is used to point out
the address of the next
instruction which is to
be executed

Stack pointer
It

is a 16 bit register
It points the starting address
of the stack .

Register Array
B,

C, D, E, H and L are
general purpose register
All are 8 bit register
If the are combined as BC,
DE and HL they can store 16
bit data

Instruction set
An instruction is a binary
pattern designed inside a
microprocessor to perform a
specific function.
A group of instruction together
called as instruction set.
Group of instruction set is
called as a program.

Classification of
instruction set

According to word size or

byte size it is classified into
3 types.
1 - byte instruction
2 - byte instruction and
3 - byte instruction

1 byte instruction
It

includes the Opcode and the

Operand in the same byte.
Ex. MOV A,B
Ex. CMP B
Ex. ANA B
Ex. RAL

Opcode an operand
The

task to be performed
is called Opcode
The data to be operated is
called Operand.

2 byte instruction
The

first byte specifies the

operation cod eand the next
byte specifies the operand
Ex. MVI A, 10
Ex. SUI A, 34

3 byte instruction
The

first byte specifies the

opcode and the next two
bytes specifies the 16 bit
address/data.
Ex. LXI H, 4500
Ex. JMP 5000