A PROJECT REPORT ON

DESIGN OF AR CONDITIONING
SYSYTEM FOR CAD LAB
Submitted By

Rohit P. Jadhav
Raman R. Vilhekar
Ravinayak D. Chat
Amruta A. Gore
Guided By:

Mr. M.A.Ali
Lecturer(Sel. Grade)
B.N.College Of Engineering, Pusad

CONTENTS
Sr. No.

Topic

Page No.

Abstract
01

Introduction

01

02

Thermodynamic cycles

03

03

Main components of Air

conditioning system

06

04

Human Comfort

08

05

Cooling load estimation

12

06

Duct design

19

07

Calculations

23

08

Components selection

49

09

Appendix

62

10

Conclusion

72

11

Reference

74

Introduction
What is Air Conditioning?
Need of Air Conditioning
Applications
Design importance

Sources of Heat generation

External loads
Internal loads
Other loads
Process loads

Cooling Load component

Sensible heat load component
Latent heat load component

1.Hour Angle at 12:00 pm=0

2.Declination angle for 21 June.
d=23.47 sin [360(284+N)]/365

=23.47 sin [360(284+172)]/365

d=23.46
(N=no. of days)
3.Latitude angle =19N

from Net for pusad.

4.Altitude angle ,=[cosl.cosh.cosd+sinl.sind]

=
[ cos(19).cos(0).cos(23.46)+sin(19).sin(23.46)]
= [(0.19)(1)(0.917)+(0.32)(0.99)]
= [0.861+0.1248]
= 80.33
-cross check it by page 1-24
5.zenith angle ()=(/2) - ()
=9.67
6.solar azimuth angle():
= [cosl.sind- cosd.cosh.sinl]/cos
But l<d

7.surface azimuth angle:( )

southo
west 90
North180
East-90
handbook 09

cross check it by ASHRAE

8.wall solar azimuth angle( )

= [-(+)].F
F=-1 for noon and 1 for afternoon

For south side;

=[-(62.79+0)]1
=117.21
For west side;
= [ 62.79+90)]
=27.21
For North side;
=-62.79
For East side;
=[-(62.79-90)]
=207.21

9.Direct Radiation from sun

IDN =A exp ( -B/ sin)..w/m2
A=apperant solar radiation
=1080 for summer
B=Atmospheric extinction coeff.
=0.21 for summer
IDN=1080 exp [(-0.21)/sin]
10.Diffuse Radition From sky.
Id=C.IDN.FWSw/m2
C=const. for cloudness sky.
C=0.135 for mid suffer.
Fws=view factor or configuration factor
Fws=(1+cos/2..(=tilt angle)
[for horinzontal surface =o,for vertical surface =90]
For horizontal surface;
Fws=(1+coso)/2
=2/2
=1

For vertical surface ;

Fws=(1+cos90)/2
=1/2
=0.5
Id =0.135.IDN . FWS
11.Reflected short wave(solar)radition(Ir)

Ir =(IDN+ID)g.FWG
g=reflectivity of the ground

FWG=View factor.
FWG=(1-COS )/2
( =Tilt angle )
For horizontal =o
For vertical
=90
For horizontal,
FWG=(1-COS0)/2
=0
For vertical,
FWG=(1-COS90)/2
=0.5

AMOUNT OF HEAT AVAILABLE (PRODUCE)FOR PUSAD:

Latitude=19N
Reflectivity=0.6
Hour angle=0
Declination=+23.5
Cloudless condition:
Wall azimuth angle()= 0 south facing
=180 North facing
= -90East facing

North side wall:

Altidude=80.33..(calculated)
Solar azimuth angle()=0 (as l<d)
Now,
Wall solar azimuth angle,
=180-(+)
=180-(0+180)
=0
Incidance angle ,=
(cos.cos)
=
(cos80.33.cos0)
=80.33

1.Direct Radiation =
=IDN.cos
IDN=A.exp(-B/sin)
=1080 exp(-0.21/sin80.33)
IDN=872.78w/m2
Direct Radiation =IDN.cos
=872.78cos(80.33)
Direct Radiation =146.6 w/m2
2.Diffuse Radiation(Id):
View factor , FWS=(1+cos)/2
Vertical surface,=90
FWS=(1+0/2)
=0.5
Id=C.IDN.FWS
=0.135827.780.5
Id=55.87 w/m2
3.Reflected Radiation(Ir):
=0.6
=reflectivity
View factor, FWG=(1-cos)/2

FWG=(1-cos90)/2
=0.5
Ir=(IDN+ID)g.FWG
=(872.78+55.87)0.60.5
Ir=278.595 w/m2
Total incident radiation(IT):
=IDN.cos+Id+Ir
=146.6+55.87+278.595
IT=481.065w/m2
Area of North side wall=520sq.ft
=520/10.76sq.m
IT=(481.065520)/10.76

IT= 23.2 kw
SIMILARLY, For EAST Side wall: Total incident radiation is
IT= 7.86 kw

ExternaL Load:
Amount Of heat
1.Through
2.Through
3.Through
4.Through

transmitted in Lab by following way,

wall .
Glass.
Roof.
Floor.

1. Through wall:
CAD Lab wall =200 mm common brick,so take a wall of B
type
a) Heat transfer through North side wall:
CLTDadj=CLTDtable+(Tav-29) (27 p.no,ch34,ASHRAE
handbook)
=8+(35-29)

(ASHRAE hand book 1989,p

no26.37)
=14
A=36.91m2
Qnorth=Uwall.Awall.CLTDadj
=1.7136.9114
=883.625w
b) Heat transfer through East side wall.
A=22.4m2
CLTDadj=CLTDtable+(Tav-29)

Qeast=UwallAwallCLTDadj
=1.722.421
=804.384w
c)Heat transfer through south side wall:
A=52.65m2
Q=UA T
=1.7152.65 (35-20)
=1350.47w
This is shaded wall hence CLTD is not used.
d)Heat transfer through west side wall:
A=21.96m2
Q=UAT
=1.7121.96 (35-20)
=563.27w
This is shaded wall hence CLTD is not used.
2. THROUGH WINDOW
North Side:
qconduction=UA(CLTD)

(U value taken from table5,p.no611,ASHRAE2001 fundamental) .

(CLTD value taken from 1989ASHRAE
handbook,Table29,p.no26.39,at 12 noon).
SINGLE GLASS WITH INTERNAL SHADING 6mm.
ASHARAE-2001 Fundamentals.
=54.28w
For one windows heat transfer through glass by
conduction=54.28w
For 4 window=454.28
=217.12w
Heat transfer through fenestration
Qsolar=A.SC.SHGF.CLF
=2.360.5186.89
=195.34w
(for SC refer table5,p.no611,ASHRAE2001 fundamental)
(for SHGF refer chapter 26,table34)
(for CLF refer chapter26,table39)
There are 4 windows on North side
Q=4 195.34
=781.36w

East Side:
Heat transfer through glass due to conduction
qconduction=U.A.CLTD
=4.62.365
=54.28w
(For U refer table5,p.no611,ASHRAE2001 fundamental)
For CLTD refer chapter26 1989 ASHRAE handbook)
There are 2 windows on east side
qconduction=2 54.28w
=108.56w
Heat transfer due to fenestration:
Qsolar =A.SC.SHGF.CLF
=2.360.56630.27
(Depth of inset is zero hence total area of window is considered)
(For SC refer table5,p.no611,ASHRAE2001 fundamental)
(For SHGF Refer table34,chapter24,1989ASHRAE handbook)
(For CLF refer chapter26,table39)
=211.232w

There are 2 windows on east side.

Qsolar=2211.232
=422.464 w
3. Through Roof:
A=155 m2
Q=U.A.(CLTD)
=0.761155(38-20)
( For U Refer Table29,p.no26.35,1989ASHRAE handbook,at
solar time12pm)
Q=1887.28 w
4.Through Floor:

Q =U.A . T
=4.101155(35-20)
=9534.825 w
(from above calculated)
(Floor is the slab of room which is uncondition hence T is
considered.)

Internal Loads

These include following factorsPeople

Lighting
Appliances and equipment

People

Qsensible = N.(Sensible heat gain).CLF

N= 40 no. of people
Sensible heat gain = 70 w
(for SHG refer table 3, 1989 ASHRAE HANDBOOK , For people sited in
office doing very light work)

CLF=0.61
(for CLF refer table 40,1989 FUNDAMENTAL HANDBOOK)
(Operation of CAD LAB from 10am to 6pm will be 8 hours and after a
practical of 2 hour new bath students will enter in the LAB.)

Qsensible =40700.61
= 1708 w

 Qlatent =N.(Latent heat gain).CLF

N= 40 Persons
Latent heat gain=45 w
(for LHG refer table 3,1989 ASHRAE
HANDBOOK.)

CLF=1

(for CLF refer table 27,1989

ASHRAE HANDBOOK.)

Qlatent =40451
=1800 W

Light and Appliances

LIGHT:
Q= Input CLF
= (4026)0.82(For CLF Refer table 48, 1989 ASHRAE HANDBOOK.)
= 852.8 W

APPLIANCES:
A)COMPUTERS:

Qsensible= Heat gainCLF

Heat Gain=[ (CRT 15Watt)+(LCD 14Watt)+(LCD
19Watt) ]
=[ (5255)+(19153)+(14155)]
= 1275+2907+3825
=8007 W

 Qsensible= 8007 0.78

(for CLF refer table48,1989 FUNDAMENTAL ASHRAE
HANDBOOK.)

=6245.46 W
B)FAN:
Qsensible= Heat Gain CLF
=(1255)0.78
(For CLF refer table 48,1989 FUNDAMENTAL ASHRAE HANDBOOK)

=514.8 W

C)PRINTER:
Qsensible = Heat Gain CLF
=(1 92)0.78
(For CLF refer table48,1989 FUNDAMENTAL ASHRAE HANDBOOK)
=71.76 W


Ventilation Load :

For meeting place or office, ventilation required=3.5

l/sec/person.
Total outdoor air required :
VO,V=3.5No.of person.
=3.540
=140 m3/s
Mass flow rate of ventilation air:
MO,V=Volumetric flow rate /specific volume
For outside condition:
DBT=44C,RH=20%
VO =Specific volume
=0.915 m3/kg
WO=Moisture content
=0.015 kg/kg dry air.
Ho=specific enthalpy
=74 kJ/kg da

Mo,v=0.14/0.915

 SENSIBLE HEAT TRANSFER DUE TO VENTILATION IS GIVEN

BY:
QS,V=MO,V.CPM(TO-TI)
=0.1531.0216(44-20)
QS,V=3.75 kw
Latent heat transfer due to ventilation is given by;
QL,V=MO,V.hfg(wo-wi)
For inside conditions:
DBT=20C
RH=50%
WI=0.0075
WO=0.015

QL,V=0.1532501(0.015-0.0075)
QL,V=2.86 kw

 Infiltration rate ,

Infiltration Load:

MInf=Density of air (ACHVolume of the

room)/3600
=1.095(11553)/3600
MInf=O.14 kg/sec
QS=MInfCpm(To-TI)
=0.141.0216(44-20)
=3.43 kw
QL=MInf.hfg(WO-WI)
=0.14
=2.62 kw

 SENSIBLE HEAT TRANSFER DUE TO VENTILATION IS GIVEN

BY:
QS,V=MO,V.CPM(TO-TI)
=0.1531.0216(44-20)
QS,V=3.75 kw
Latent heat transfer due to ventilation is given by;
QL,V=MO,V.hfg(wo-wi)
For inside conditions:
DBT=20C
RH=50%
WI=0.0075
WO=0.015

QL,V=0.1532501(0.015-0.0075)
QL,V=2.86 kw

SENSIBLE HEAT GAIN IN CAD LAB:

Heat
Heat
Heat
Heat
Heat
Heat
Heat
Heat
Heat
Heat
Heat
Heat
Heat
Heat
Heat

gain through North side wall = 883.625 w

gain through East side wall = 804.384w
gain through South side wall=1350.47w
gain through West side wall=563.27 w
gain through North side window=998.48w
gain through East side window =531.02 w
gain from roof =1887.28 w
gain through floor =9534.825 w
due to Occupants =1708 w
due to Light =852.8 w
due to Computers =6245.46 w
due to Fan =514.8 w
due to Printer =71.76 w
due to ventilation =3750 w
due to infiltration =3430 w

TOTAL SENSIBLE HEAT GAIN =33126 W

Latent Heat Gain :

1.Person

=1800 watt
=1.8kw
2.ventilation
=2.86kw
3.Infiltration
=2.62kw
Total latent heat=7.28kw
Taking 5% fan power.
Taking 5% leakage factor.
Taking 3% duct gain.
Safety Heat Load =(33.126+7.28)(13/100)
=5.25 kw

 Total heat load =33.126+7.28+5.25

= 45.658 kw
Total TR of system= 45.658/3.517
=12.98
=13

Duct calculation
By velocity method: Cosider velocity of 8m/s
Main duct area(position,K)=Quantity of air
supplied/velocity
=0.334/8
=0.042m2
Diameter of the
duct=0.231m

Comparison data
Rectangular

Round

Comparison

Installation time

70 hours

57 hours

81 %

Suspensions

120 pcs

60 pcs

50 %

Insulation

155 m2, 70 mm

136 m2, 50 mm

75 %

Flow leakage

540 l/s

60 l/s

11 %

Weight

1407 kg

973 kg

69 %

Frictional loss
PK1F=(0.022243.QAIR1,852L)/D4.973
=(0.0222430.3342.26)1.852/(0.231.973)
PK1F=15.1 pa
PH1F=(0.022243.QAIR1.852L)/D4.973
=(0.0222430.3341.8522.26)/(0.231)4.973
PH1F=9.64 pa
PU C=46.08 Pa
PUB=46.08 Pa
PUD=59.9 Pa
PUE=59.9 Pa
PUF=93.69 Pa
PUG=93.69 Pa

Dynamic Coefficient:

AS/AC=0.209/0.292 =0.715
Ab1/Ac=0.042/o.292 =0.143
Qb1/Qc=0.334/2.34 =0.14

Cb=1.2 (ASHRAE HANDBOOK FUNDAMENTAL 2001,P.N.839)

As/Ac=Aj/Ai=0.125/0.209=0.59
Ab1/Ac =As/Ai=0.042/0.209=0.2
Qb1/Qc=0.334/1.672=0.19
Cb=1.56
(ASHRAE HANDBOOK FUNDAMENTAL 2001,P.N.839)
As/Ac=Ak/Aj=0.042/0.125=0.336
Ab1/Ac =As/Aj=0.042/0.125=0.336
Qb1/Qc=0.334/1.004=0.332
Cb=2.44
(ASHRAE HANDBOOK FUNDAMENTAL 2001,P.N.839)

ROUND FITTING:

D=230 mm

r/D=1.5

Co=0.11 (ASHRAE HANDBOOK FUNDAMENTAL 2001,P.N.816)

 Calculation Of Pressure Drop:

Dynamic loss due to fire damper
Co=Dynamic loss coefficient=0.12
(ASHRAE HANDBOOK FUNDAMENTAL
2001,P.N.819)

Dynamic loss (PUFD) =Co .(v2/2)

=0.12(1.282/2)
=4.608

 Dynamic loss due to Screen

A0/A1=1
( Same duct dia.)
Consider, n=0.9
Where,
n= free area ratio of screen
A0= Cross sectional Area of duct
A1= Cross sectional Area of duct where
screen is located.
(ASHRAE HANDBOOK FUNDAMENTAL 2001,P.N.819)

Dynamic loss coefficient Co=0.14

Dynamic loss = Co .(v2/2)
=0.14(1.22/2)
= 5.376 Pa

 7.Section A-I-J-K-H: Total pressure loss at A-I-J-K-H

=PFD+PSL+PA1F+P1F+PJF+PK1F+ PH1F
+PU C+PUB+PUD+PUE+PUF+ PUG+ PU
H+ Pelbow+ Pdiffuser
PFD=4.608 Pa
PSL=5.37 Pa
PA1F=4.45 Pa
P1F=5.82 Pa
PJF=7.57 Pa

 PK1F=(0.022243.QAIR1,852L)/D4.973

=(0.0222430.3342.26)1.852/(0.231.973)
PK1F=15.1 pa
PH1F=(0.022243.QAIR1.852L)/D4.973
=(0.0222430.3341.8522.26)/(0.231)4.973
PH1F=9.64 pa
PU C=46.08 Pa
PUB=46.08 Pa
PUD=59.9 Pa
PUE=59.9 Pa
PUF=93.69 Pa
PUG=93.69 Pa

 PU H=C (.v2/2)
=0.11[(1.282]/2
=4.22 pa
ELEBOW loss, Pelbow =4.22 Pa
DIFFUSER loss,Pdiffuser =15 Pa
Total pressure loss at A-I-J-K-H :
=4.608+5.37+4.45+5.82+7.57+15.1+9.6
4+46.08+59.9+59.9+93.69+93.69+4.22+
4.22+15
=475.33 Pa

 Thus run with maximum pressure drop in A-IJ-K-H is index run ,hence FTP required is;
FTP=PA-I-J-K-H
=475.33 pa
=475.33 N/m2
AMOUNT OF DAMPERING REQUIRED AT B &
C.
= 475.33-89.36
=385.97 Pa
AMOUNT OF DAMPERING REQUIRED AT E &
D.
=475.33-201.168
=274.164 Pa

 AMOUNT OF DAMPERING REQUIRED

AT G & F.
=475.33-362.31
=113.02 Pa
WFAN=FTPaair/fan
=475.332.34/0.9
=1235.85 watt
WFAN =1.235 KW

Components Selection

Conclusion

References
American Society of Heating Refrigerating Air Conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE) HVAC Handbook, 2001 Fundamentals, Page No.
796, 816, 818, 819 chapter 26,table34.

Handbook of Air Conditioning System Design by Carrier Air

Conditioning Compony, McGRAW-HILL Book Compony, Year of
publication 1965, Page No.1.1-1.41 and 2.1 -2.65.

American Society of Heating Refrigerating Air Conditioning

Engineers (ASHRAE) HVAC Handbook , Published on 1989, Page no.
22.5 22-13, 26.7- 26.47, 27.9- 27.29.

Refigeration and air conditioning by C.P.Arora, TATA McGraw Hill

Publications, Second Edition 2000, Page no. 675- 690, 756-805.

THANK YOU