DIFRAKTOMETER

MEGA NURJANNAH A. (141411045)

M. EGI RAMADHAN (141411046)

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

DEFINITIO
N

A diffractometer is a measuring instrument for analyzing the

structure of a material from the scattering pattern produced
when a beam of radiation or particles (such as X-rays or
neutrons) interacts with it.
Diffraction effects are observed when electromagnetic
radiation impinges on periodic structures with geometrical
variations on the length scale of the wavelength of the
radiation.

Detector

X-Ray
Source

Powdered
sample

Presentation Title
Your company information

FUNCTIO
N

Measure the average spacings between

layers or rows of atoms
Determine the orientation of a single
crystal or grain
Find the crystal structure of an unknown
material
Measure the size, shape and internal
stress of small crystalline regions

How it work
Take a tenth of the weight of sample (pure
is better)
Grind sample in powder form. Size less
than ~ 10 m or 200-mesh preferred
Put the sample holder
Must be considered in order to get a flat
surface and get a random distribution of
orientations lattice

Computer to control the XRD

- Turn on the computer and the monitor.
- Turn on the machine XRD.
- Check if Knops and KV are already in a position of zero (0). Set 0 if the position
is not at 0
- Run control XRD residing on the computer.
- Select New and then Individual analize and let the initialization process runs. If
the process fails anisialisasi then click cancel and try again.
-If successful initialization process analysis process can be done.
Adjust the parameters in accordance with the XRD desired. Then select the
mode of slow, medium or fast (time analysis). Then press the start button on the
control XRD
Wait until the analysis process (scan) is completed. Once the analysis is
complete it will get the data in the form of a graphic with peaks (peaks) it.
Graphical analysis of the focus on the most dominant peak.

SAFETY
x-rays produced by the diffractometer pose a very real danger. Human
tissue can be severely damaged if exposed to the x-rays used in x-ray
diffraction. Long-term, chronic exposures at moderate levels can directly
cause a variety of skin disorders, and chronic relatively low- level
exposures may be a factor resulting in increased cancer risk in exposed
personnel. Although modern XRD equipment includes safeguards
designed to minimize or eliminate radiation in the work environment, an
awareness of the dangers of radiation exposure and associated safety
issues is required for anyone using the x-ray diffractometer.

LITERATURE SITES
http://faculty.olin.edu/~jstolk/matsci/Operating
%20Instructions/Shimadzu%20XRD%20operating
%20instructions.pdf [06 Maret 2015]
http://www.leeds.ac.uk/heritage/Astbury/X_ray_diffractio
n/ [06 Maret 2015]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffractometer [06 Maret
2015]