Present

Tenses
Muhammad Rayhan
Present
Simple
Izdihar
Present
LNG Academy I V
Continuous
Present Perfect

Present Simple
Form :

S + V1(s/es) + O
I

live in Belgrade.
You live in
Belgrade.
He/She/It lives in
Belgrade.

We

live in
Belgrade.
You live in
Belgrade.
They live in
Belgrade.

Present Simple - negative

Form :

S + do/does + not + V1 + O
I

dont live in
Belgrade.
You dont live in
Belgrade.
He/she /it doesnt
live in Belgrade.

We

dont live in
Belgrade.
You dont live in
Belgrade.
They dont live in
Belgrade.

Present Simple - questions

Form :

Do/Does + S + V1 + O ?
Do

I live in
Belgrade?
Do you live in
Belgrade?
Does he/she/it live
in Belgrade?

Do

we live in
Belgrade?
Do you live in
Belgrade?
Do they live in
Belgrade?

We use the Present Simple to

talk about:
Activities that we repeat regularly (routines,
habits).
My mum and dad always watch my documentaries.
Permanent situations and states.
I dont like cheese.
General truths
A doctor works in a hospital.

Common time adverbials:

always, often, usually, sometimes, never
every day, every week, every year ...
twice a week, once a month
regularly, seldom, hardly ever, occasionally

Spelling
Y

is lost in verbs
ending in
consonant +y:
fly flies
study studies

We use es with
verbs ending in -s,
-z, -sh, -ch, -s, -x:
watches, teaches,
washes, fixes...
-es where you
wouldnt normally
expect it
does
goes

Present Continuous
Form :

S + to be + Ving + O
I

am watching TV.
You are watching TV.
He/she/it is watching
TV.

We

are watching

TV.
You are watching
TV.
They are watching
TV.

Present Continuous negative

Form :

S + to be + not + Ving + O
I

am not watching
TV.
You are not
watching TV.
He/she/it is not
watching TV.

We

are not
watching TV.
You are not
watching TV.
They are not
watching TV.

Present Continuous questions

Form :

To be + S + Ving + O ?
Am

I watching TV?
Are you watching
TV?
Is he/she/it
watching TV?

Are

we watching

TV?
Are you watching
TV?
Are they watching
TV?

We use the Present Continuous

to talk about:
Activities that are going on at the time of speaking.
Right now, I am giving a lecture and you are listening.
Activities that happen regularly but only for a
limited period of time (temporary routines and
habits).
Im studying English a lot these days because we are
having a test next week.

Common time adverbials:

now, at the moment, at present, these days

Spelling
Verbs

ending in e
lose the final -e
when ing is
added.
phone phoning
make making
change
changing

Short verbs ending

in one vowel + one
consonant double
the last consonant.
sit sitting
cut cutting
swim swimming
Verbs ending in ie:
lie lying
tie tying

Present Perfect
Form :

S + have/has + V3 + O
I

have done the

homework.
You have done the
homework.
He/she/it has done
the homework.

We

have done the

homework.
You have done the
homework.
They have done
the homework.

Present Perfect - negative

Form :

S + have/has + not + V3 + O
I

have not done

the homework.
You have not done
the homework.
He/she/it has not
done the
homework.

We

have not done

the homework.
You have not done
the homework.
They have not
done the
homework.

Present Perfect Questions

Form :

Have/Has + S + V3 + O ?
Have

I done the
homework?
Have you done
the homework?
Has he/she/it done
the homework?

Have

we done the
homework?
Have you done
the homework?
Have they done
the homework?

We use the Present Perfect to

talk about:
Past events and activities with results or consequences in
the present.
Ive lost my keys and now I cant open the door.
An action in the past when we dont know or are not
interested in when it happened. (to talk about
experience)
Ive been to China.
Things that started in the past and continue up till now.
Ive always wanted to travel.

Common time adverbials:

never, ever, since, for, already, yet, all my life, always

Descriptive
Text

What is a Descriptive text?

Descriptive text is a text which says what

a person or thing is like.

Its purpose is to describe and reveal a

particular person, place, or thing.

The Generic Structure of a

descriptive text

Identification: identifying the phenomenon

to be described.

Description: describing the phenomenon in

parts, qualities, or /and characteristics

Language Features

Using attributive and identifying process

Using adjectives and classifiers in nominal groups
Using simple present tense
Using nouns, example teacher, house, my cat, etc.
Detailed noun phrase untuk memberikan informasi tentang
subyek, misalnya It was a large open rowboat, a sweet
young lady, dsb.
Berbagai macam adjectives yang bersifat describing,
classifying, numbering,misalnya two strong legs, sharp
white fangs, dsb
Thinking verbs dan feeling verbs untuk mengungkapkan
pandangan pribadi penulis tentang subyek, misalnya Police
believe the suspect is armed, I think it is a clever animal,
dsb
Action verbs, misalnya Our new puppy bites our shoes,
dsb.
Adverbials, untuk memberikan informasi tambahan
tentang perilaku tsb, misalnya fast, at the tree house, dsb.
Bahasa figurative seperti simile, metafor, misalnya John is

Thank You