EDU 3106 CULTURE

AND LEARNING
PUTERI NURSUZREENA BT MUHAMMAD BAKRI
NUR SYAFNA BT MOHD YUSOF

KADAZAN

INTRODUCTION
Kadazan is the indigenous tribes of Sabah,
Malaysia. They live in the interior, around the
local area and particularly the west coast of
Sabah.
Kadazan ethnic groups use different languages
and dialects with various cultural and
traditional customs.
There are 27 tribes in it. Among them are the
Dusun Liwan, Dusun Tindal, Dusun Pahu, Dusun
Lotud, Bagahak, Dusun Labuk, Dusun
Kimaragang, Tagahas, Tangara, Dusun, Rungus,
Orang Sungai, Kuijau, Tambanuo, and so on
.

LANGUAGE
Kadazan tribe has its own language. Kadazan tribes and
Dusun tribes are actually a different tribe, but were of
the same family.
For example, "home" as "walai" in Dusun and "hamin" in
Kadazan. Many other words that differ only in spelling
such as "two" the "duo" in Dusun and "duvo" in Kadazan,
and "nine" referred to "siam" in Dusun, and "sizam" in
Kadazan. However, there is the same word as "a" the
"iso" in both languages and "six" is "onom".

BELIEFS
Kadazan majority is
Christian, mainly
Roman Catholic and
some protestan. Islam
is also practiced by a
growing minority.

Before the influence of

British missionaries in
the mid-19th century
up to be famous
among the Kadazan,
animism is the religion
of their major.

Kadazan people
believe in the spirit
orsoul that is called
Kinoingan.

It revolves around the

ruling spirits of rice
planting and
harvesting has been
practiced from
generation to
generation.

Kapir (paganism) (The Kadazan/Dusuns' Religion before

Christianity)
The Kadazan individual family or community as a ritual isolate is in constant interaction
with the spirit world. This involves a number of sacrificial ceremonies to create a
balanced ritual state between the kadazan/Dusuns and those numbers of the spirit
world.

The Kadazan/Dusuns believe in four principal spirits:

i) "Minamanngun / Kinorohingan or Kinoingan" - the Almighty creator
ii) "Koduduwo/ Koduduvo"- a living person's spirit
iii) "Tombiruoh/Tombivo" - the ghostly spirit of the dead
iv) "Rogon"- the evil spirits

RITUALS

Pesta
Kaamatan or
Harvest
Festival

It's a celebration to honour

the Rice Spirit - Bambaazon
or Bambarayon and giving
thanks for yet another
beautiful year.
The festival begins on the
first of May at many district
levels.
The Bobohizan or Bobolian
who are the High Priests or
Priestesses (depending on
the district/area
undertaking the
preservation) will conduct
the ritual.

Mompisok
death
ritual

After burying the dead body, 6

days later which is callmalam
ketujuh(the seventh
night)mompisokwill be made by
the family member.
Mompisokmeans to turn off the
light where someone will call and
welcoming the dead spirit on that
night.
Calling the dead spirit and family
members will ask the spirit to
take all his/her belongings during
his/her was still alive. The family
members also will ask the dead
spirit not to disturb the family,
but leave and be good where ever
the dead spirit go.

Weddings

When the family of the

daughter shows that they
are agreeable to a union, the
parents of the young man
pay them a second visit and
the engagement is arranged.
Both parties agree to the
bride price, which
customarily consists of 15
buffaloes, 10 ancient brass
canons, 3 large, Chinese jars
and one brass gong.
The parents of the future
bride will first ask for a
higher price, and bargaining
is expected

Weddings

The wedding day starts early in the

morning in the house of the groom
where all friends and relatives
gather.
They have a late breakfast, and
generally around midday they set
out, with the groom in his best
fineries and the nopung in their
middle, for the house of the bride.
More often than not, the parents of
the groom will stay in their house.
When the congregation approaches
the house of the bride, joyous
Sumazau beats will be sound on
ancient gongs. The groom and his
entourage enter the house of the
bride, presenting the nopung.
Everyone is served rice and drinks
before the young husband can take
his bride to his parents home.

CUSTOMS
It was customary for Kadazans to give "peace offerings" for any hurt or injury
caused by one person to another. The peace offering is called "Sogit" which is
something given to the injured party.
It is either a pig, or a chicken, and a certain amount of money depending on
the seriousness of the offense.
In the past a sogit could take the form of a buffalo especially when a man had
brought shame to a family by having a close proximity with a female member
of that family or worse.
It was also a custom for Kadazans to greet each other whenever they meet or
to announce their presence whenever they passed by someone's house. This
custom seemed to have developed in the past to escape being speared to
death by a neighbor for being mistaken as an enemy.

CULTURE - CLOTHING
A very popular colour is black.
They just need to add a variety of
bead colours like red, orange,
white and green as an additional
decoration.
Manuk costume also includes a
quick and antique beads
necklaces, belts, carved antique
silver and belts made of silver
dollar coins.

TRADITIONAL DANCE
SUMAZAU PENAMPANG
This dance is usually performed during
the festival and ritual spirit of rice
(Bambaazon).
Dancers perform their dance in pairs.
Both dancers began dancing with the
rhythm of a gentle and slow as the
gong.
Clothing worn by the dancers is
dressed all in black with golden yellow
stripes. This dance is usually
accompanied by gongs or 'togunggu'.

TRADITIONAL DANCE
MOGUNATIP
A dance performed by the natives of
the interior including the Kadazan
from Tambunan, Kwijau Dusun from
Keningau and several groups of Murut
tribes.
Dancers Magunatip requires skill and
agility to dance the bamboo are hit
together to produce the rhythm of the
dance.
It is a dance that is performed during
certain ceremonies to honor guests.

MUSIC INSTRUMENTS
GONG

BUNGKAU

SOMPOTON

MUSIC INSTRUMENTS
TOGUNGGAK

KULINTANGAN

CUISINE
HINAVA
Hinava Ginapan is one of the special
traditional dishes of ethnic Kadazan-Dusun
, Sabah , and may be regarded as a most
popular food among the Kadazan-Dusun.
It is a dish made from fresh fish meat is
mixed with fruits, pound that has been
shredded, red chillies, ginger , onion, lime
cotton and salt.
Hivana usually a dish while Tadau
Kaamatan.
In addition it is also a special meal on
important occasions

CUISINE
PINAASAKAN
Pinaasakan isone of the local
dishes served quite often during
meal times in a family household.
This food rarely can see these
days if not during festive season
like Kaamatan.

CUISINE
SUP MANUK LIHING
Better known as 'Chicken Soup Lihing' in
the Malay language is a special traditional
dishes of ethnic Kadazan-Dusun , Sabah .
Materials required are a chicken village, a
liquor which is called 'Lihing' among the
Kadazan and sliced ginger.
By tradition the Kadazan-Dusun, the food
is very suitable for the new women after
childbirth.
In addition, some leading hotels are also
chosen to serve ' Hinava 'as special
dishes for the visitors.

REFERENCE
Killjols.blogspot.com,. (2015).Kadazan People | Killjols. Retrieved 12 January
2015, from http://killjols.blogspot.com/2011/12/kadazan-people.html
People, K. (2012).Culture in Malaysia: Kadazan
People.Malaysiantribe.blogspot.com. Retrieved 12 January 2015, from http://
malaysiantribe.blogspot.com/2012/05/kadazan-people.html
Sta.my,. (2015).People & Culture: Kadazan-Dusun - Sabah Tourist Association.
Retrieved 12 January 2015, from http://www.sta.my/kadazandusun.cfm
Kadazanhomeland,. (2014). Kadazan Custom and Tradition. Retrieved 12 January
2015, from http://www.kadazanhomeland.com/kadazan-custom-and-tradition.html