APPLICATION OF MATLAB IN SEISMIC

INTERFEROMETRY FOR ACCURATE IMAGING

OF RESERVOIRS USING MIGRATION
METHODS.
BY:
ISAAC KUMA YEBOAH.
Department of Engineering,
Regent University College of
Science and Technology.
isaackyeboah77@yahoo.co.uk

Content.
1. Motivations.
2. Methodology.
3. Super-Resolution and Super-Stacking.
4. Local Matching Filter.
5. Prestack Modeling.
6. Simulation Results in MATLAB of
Diffraction Stack Migration.
7. Conclusion.

Motivations

Problem:
Receiver
interval of OBS data is
(sometimes) too large

Water

Solution: Interferometric
interpolation

Water

Benefits of Interferometric
Interpolation:
Accuracy (wave-equation based
scheme)

Methodology

2-state reciprocity equation of the

correlation type
(Dong and Schuster 2007;
G ( A | x) Ramrez
G0 (x |et
B) * 2
G ( A | B) G0 ( A | B)* G0 (x | B) *
G ( A | x)
d x
al., 2007)
nx
nx
S
Applying the far-field approximation
OBS

OBS

SWP

OBS

G ( A | B) 2ik G ( A | x)G0 (x | B) *d 2 x G0 ( A | B) *
S

Interferometry artifacts (spurious

multiples):
Local matching filter

Super-Resolution and SuperStacking

x resolution limit
Super-resolutionRayleigh
Super-stacking

NM vs. N

M: # of
events

Local Matching Filter

Input
Sparse
Data

Virtual
Dense
Data

d t, x0 d t, x0 * f t, x0

d real t , x0 d virtual t, x0 * f t, x0
Time (s)

Time (s)

real

3.0

X (km)

4.5

3.0

X (km)

4.5

virtual

GREENs FUNCTION

iw|x-x|/c
G(x|x) = e
|x-x|

|x-x|

x
x

Phase
Geom.
Spread

Prestack Migration
Migration is the last major process that is
applied to seismic data before it is interpreted.
This is likely to be blamed for all sort of things
like inconsistent amplitudes and lack of
structural details even though these problems
may arise from acquisition or earlier
processing steps.
Migration can be classified as Prestack
migration or Poststack migration.
Migartion is performed on prestacked data
either on shot gathers or CMP data.

Prestack Modeling
During the acquisition, the same subsurface point
may be hit several time by emitted waves, we will
therefore have multiple information from the same
point.
In classic poststack processing, the model is assumed
to be a set of flat, horizontal and homogeneous
layers hence hyperbolic moveout curves for stacking.
Prestack time migration is necessary when the
geological structures present conflicting dips,
resulting in conflicting stacking velocities.
Performing migration directly in depth and from the
prestack data is therefore necessary in case of
various dips and lateral velocity variations.

0 km

corner
30 m

0 m

30 m

Born Modeling
d(x) =
data

~ ) g(x|x)g(x|x) o(x)dx
W(

Model
Space

model

Scatterer

Born Modeling

-i

2
-i
x
x
xx
~
e
e
d(x|x)= W( )
o(x)
x

A(x,x)

A(x,x)

2
-2
-2c (1- [c / c0] )

Scatterer

Time-Domain
Diffraction Stack Modeling
i~ t
d e d(x) =

- i xx - i xx
i t
~
d e W( ) e o(x) e
A(x,x)
A(x,x)
x

..

= w( t-xx- xx) o(x)

x
A(x,x) A(x,x)

Born
Modeling
..

d(x,t) ==

( t- xx- xx)

o(x)

A(x,x) A(x,x)

(xs ,0)

/c
(xg ,0)

(x,z)
2

t = (x-xs) +z

+ (x-x g) +z

Born Modeling
..

d(x) = = ( t- xx- xx)

x

o(x)

A(x,x) A(x,x)

Cancelation

(xs ,0)

(xg ,0)

(x,z)

Born Modeling
..

d(x,t) = = ( t- xx- xx)

x

o(x)

A(x,x) A(x,x)

(xs ,0)

(xg ,0)

(x,z)
2

t = (x-xs) +z

+ (x-x g) +z

Born Approximation

Wavelet
Spectrum

~
W(
d(x) = ) G(x|x)G(x|x) o(x)dx
data

Model
Space

Propagates Scattered
Energy from Scatt. at
x to Receiver at x

Reflectivity
Propagates Energy from
Src at x to Scatterer at x

Diffraction Stack Migration: Prestack

~
m(x) = d

-i xx - i xx

~
W(* ) e
x

..
d(x,

= d(x, xx+ xx )
x

A(x,x)

d(x)

A(x,x)

Broadband
case
~
W( )=1

A(x,x) A(x,x)

Narrow band case: direct wave correlated with data

Simulation Results in MATLAB of

Diffraction Stack Migration.

SUMMARY
1. Exploding Reflector Modeling = Diffraction Stack Modeling

Sum over
reflectors

w( xx+ xx- t )

R(x)

A(x,x) A(x,x) reflectivity

Source wavelet

Geom.
spreading

2. High Frequency Approximation (i.e c(x) variations > 3* )

3. Approximates Kinematics of Data, but not Dynamics

Conclusion.
MATLAB for technical computing applied to
seismic interferometric by using Greens function
leading to super resolution of the image.
A major benefit of seismic interferometric is that
source receiver array, after interferometric
redatuming becomes closer to the imaging target.
This means that the distorting effects of the
uninteresting part of the medium are avoided
leading to better image resolution of the target.
This gives a very clear image which can show the
formation of the earth and possible hydrocarbon
deposited in that part of the subsurface.

THE END,
THANK YOU ALL.