DEFINITION

plagiarize - to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of

another) as one's own: use (another's production)
without crediting the source
to commit literary theft: present as new and original an
idea or product derived from an existing source

PLAGIARISM INCLUDES
Turning in anothers work as your own
Copying works or ideas from someone else without
giving credit
Failing to put a quotation in quotation marks
Giving wrong information about the source of a
quotation
Helping someone else to plagiarise

INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY RIGHTS
Intellectual property rights is a term sometimes
used to refer to the legal protection afforded to owners
of intellectual capital (their ideas), e.g. books, articles,
plays, music, internet info (copyright laws)
This usually extends itself to include the use of the
ideas of others for the purpose of profiting from it.

CHANGING THE WORDS OF AN ORIGINAL

SOURCE IS NOT ENOUGH!!!!
BEWARE!!!! If you have changed the words,
but maintained the basic idea AND have failed

the original source,

you have still plagiarized!

www.turnitin.com

to cite

WHY IS PLAGIARISM AN ISSUE?

1. (Academically) Dishonest
2. Fraudulent (Cheating)
3. Stealing (Intellectual Ownership
copyright)
4. Misrepresentation
5. Deception

CONSEQUENCES
Financial penalty
Cheating (honesty policies)
Possible legal action (civil suits)
Disgrace - methods used to detect
(plagiarism detection programs)
Distrust of research - Increased
plagiarism in academic environments

AVOIDING PLAGIARISM
Begin work with an outline to guide research
Consider that for copyrighted material permission MUST be
obtained.
Remember that not all Internet information is free to use.
Be sure that you are not copying anothers in any way.
The work must be a reflection of your work and your ideas.
That way its YOUR article/thesis.
Know how to include quotations and facts.
Include your bibliography or reference list

The most important point to remember when trying to

avoid plagiarism in any work is that YOUR IDEAS
MUST BE YOUR OWN. It is fine to include the ideas
of others if they are thoroughly documented and given
credit. However, it is not acceptable to simply use their
ideas in a paraphrased way that restates their ideas-not yours.

WHAT IS REFERENCING?
Standardised method of acknowledging sources of information and
ideas that are used in an assignment in a way that uniquely
identifies its source

WHY DO WE REFERENCE?
Acknowledge the source of others work
Avoid plagiarism accusations
Display a knowledge of current literature
Demonstrate support for your ideas, opinions and point of view
Provide examples or evidence to support own research
Allow readers to follow-up and read cited authors argument

WHEN DO WE
REFERENCE?
Within & at the end of the assignment when using:
Direct Quotations
Facts, Figures, Ideas & Theories Not common knowledge
Information rewritten in your own words (paraphrase)
From books, journals, Internet, videos, radio, TV, lecture notes

PURPOSE OF IEEE
STYLE

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers (IEEE) Style is used primarily
for publications in engineering,
electronics, telecommunications,

computer science and information technology.

THE INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS (IEEE)

REFERENCE STYLE

1. In Text Citation
The major difference between IEEE and other styles is that IEEE style
encloses citation numbers within the text of a paper in square brackets [1]
rather than as superscripts1 or in bracketed form (Jones 98), e.g.
One technical writer seems to think, even though IEEE is not an easy style
to learn, it is the most useful for prospective engineers to embrace [1].

AUTHOR-NAME
SUBSTITUTION
In the IEEE style, reference numbers are
used to replace the names of authors,
where possible.
However, there is an exception. If citing
a theory, e.g., one should definitely give
the name of the person to whom the
theory is ascribed. (e.g. Newton, Einstein)

CITATION PLACEMENT
The note numbers must be placed
directly after the reference as opposed
to the end of a sentence or clause, unless
it would normally fall there.
Final punctuation should be placed
outside of the square brackets.

MULTIPLE REFERENCES
Separate citation numbers with commas but no spaces.
[3],[5]
If there is a sequence of three or more citations in a
reference, a single range should be used with a hyphen
to separate the numbers.
e.g. Similar conclusions were reached by [3], [4], [5].
might be:
..were reached by [3-5].

HANDOUT FLAG A (REVISITED)

Writers Block and Getting Started
Read and Identify Short / Long Quotations

HANDOUT FLAG B
Pg 102 Activity A (Good Example)
Pg 102 Activity B (Read / Identify)

REFERENCE LIST
List of sources at the end of the work
Reference List All sources used in your assignment
In Numerical not Alphabetical Order
Double space within and between entries
Indent text after entry 2 or 3 spaces to right
of closing square bracket.
Appendices: Each appendix should have its on
reference list.

HANDOUT FLAG C
IEEE Sample Reference List

REFERENCE LIST
1. Books
2. Journals
3. Electronic Sources
4. Personal communications

REFERENCING BOOKS (IEEE)

Book - [Citation Numbers] Author's Name, Title
of book[, edition, editors, translators]. Location:
Publisher, Date.
Citation Numbers
IEEE style encloses citation numbers within the text of
a paper in square brackets [1] rather than as
superscripts1. Each citation number in the reference
list is also enclosed in square brackets.

REFERENCING BOOKS SINGLE AUTHOR

First initial and last name

[3]D. Jones, Technical Writing Style,
Toronto: Allyn and Bacon, 1998.

REFERENCING BOOKS
MULTIPLE AUTHORS
For each author, use initials followed by surname.
List the authors in the order given in the source.
[7]D. Beer, R.F. Martin, and P. Fingle, Photosensory
Transduction, New York: Willey, 1993.
*Note that commas go between each name, and also that
"and" comes before the last name in the list.

REFERENCING BOOKS
(IEEE)
Date: 1997. "n.d." [for "no date"]
Enter ONLY the year
If the source gives several dates, use the most recent
one.
Book Title: Enter the full title, as given on the
copyright page
Capitalize all words in the title, except for "of," "and,"
"for," "in" etc.

REFERENCING JOURNALS
(IEEE)
[Citation Number] Author
name[s], "article title,"journal title ,
volume number, issue number, month (abbrv.), pages,
publication year.

REFERENCING JOURNALS
CONT.(IEEE)
Only include information pertinent to your source. For
example, many professional and academic journals do not
have an issue month. In that case, or when it seems
unnecessary, do not include it in your citation.
[1] K.A. Nelson, R.J. Dwayne Miller, D.R. Lutz, and M.D.
Fayer, "Optical generation of turntable ultrasonic waves,"
Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 53, no. 2, Feb., pp. 11441149.

HANDOUT FLAG D
Reference List
Identify Referencing Book / Journal
Practical Activity

REFERENCING ESOURCES (IEEE)

Give the author, title, type of medium (enclosed in

brackets), volume and issue number (if on-line journal),

page number (if relevant or given), and the year and the
month of publication (in parentheses). Then give the full
internet address or the name of the online service provider
prefaced by "Available at ". If not an on-line journal, also
put [cited year month day] before "Available at".

REFERENCING E- SOURCES (IEEE)

EXAMPLES
[10] A. Harnack and G. Kleppinger, "Beyond the MLA
Handbook: Documenting Electronic Sources on the Internet."
Kairos, [Online serial] 1 (2), (1996 Sum), Available at HTTP:
http://english.ttu.edu.kairos/1.2/
[11] P. Curtis, "Mudding: Social Phenomena in text-based
virtual realities," [Online document] Aug. 1992, [1996 Aug 30],
Available at FTP:
parcftp.xerox.com/pub/MOO/papers/DIAC921992

PERSONNAL
COMMUNICATIONS 1
Personal communications encompass conversations, letters,
interviews, e-mails and telephone conversations.

IEEE style states that you cite only published

works, forthcoming published works, and unpublished
materials available to scholars in a library, a depository, or an
archive.

PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS

For interviews or other "non-recoverable" information,

no citation number is necessary. This does not mean
that an attempt to identify the author is unnecessary,
but that it needs to be done in the text itself. "In a
personal interview with Bill Gates, he suggested that
he would soon rule the world."
"In a letter to the author, Professor Mueller detailed his
experiences with using this data collection software."

FURTHER LINKS

http://standards.ieee.org/guides/style/
http://www.lib.unimelb.edu.au/cite/ieee/
http://www.ecf.toronto.edu/~writing/handboo
k-docum1b.html

BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/0
1/
http://www.wooster.edu/psychology/apa-crib.html
http://www.m-w.com/
http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/find/citation/ieee.h
tml