Chapter 7

Leadership
Reporter: Batacan, Joan Kristine R.

Outline
The Nature of Leadership
Behavioral Approaches to Leadership Style
Contingency Approaches to Leadership Style
Emerging Approaches to Leadership

The Nature of Leadership

Leadership
is the process of influencing and supporting others to work
enthusiastically toward achieving objectives.
is the critical factor that helps an individual or a group identify
its goals and then motivates and assists in achieving the stated
goals.

Three Important Elements of Leadership

Influence/support
Voluntary effort

The Nature of Leadership

Behaviors
Roles
Skills

The Nature of Leadership

Behavioral Approaches are descriptive, offering a variety
of ways in actions of leaders often differ. Leaders can be:
Positive or Negative
Autocratic or Participative
Employee-oriented or Task-oriented

Contingency Approaches are more analytical,

encouraging managers to examine their situation and
select a style that best fits it.

The Nature of Leadership:

Management and Leadership

The primary role of a leader is to

influence others to voluntarily seek
defined objectives with enthusiasm.

The Nature of Leadership:

Management and Leadership

Managers
Plan activities, organize
appropriate structures and
control resources

Leaders
Influence others to voluntarily
seek defined objectives.

Hold formal positions

Can use his or her informal

influence

Achieve result by directing the

activities of others

Create a vision and inspire others

to achieve this vision and to
stretch themselves beyond their
normal capabilities

The Nature of Leadership:

Traits of Effective Leaders

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
apsychometricquestionnaire designed to
measurepsychologicalpreferences in how people perceive the
world and make decisions. This is based on the work of
psychologist Carl Jung, to label managers in four dimensions:
introverts or extroverts
thinkers or feelers
sensors or intuitors, and
judges or perceivers

Personal Drive
Honesty and Integrity

Desire to Lead
Self-confidence
Knowledge
of Business

Cognitive ability
Charisma

Creativity and
Originality

Flexibility and
Adaptiveness

Positive Affectivity

Leadership Traits

The Nature of Leadership:

Leadership Behavior
Much research has focused on
identifying leadership
behaviors

Personal Traits

Behavior, Skills,
Action

Provides potential

Successful release
and expression of
traits

In this view, successful

leadership depends on more
appropriate behavior, skills,
and actions and less personal
traits.

Many traits are

relatively fixed in
short term

Can be learned and

changed

The Nature of Leadership:

Leadership Behavior
Leaders use three broad type of skills
Technical
Human
Conceptual

The Nature of Leadership:

Leadership Behavior
Technical Skill
refers to a persons knowledge of and ability in any type of process
or technique.
Distinguishing feature of job performance at the operating and
professional level

Human Skill
The ability to work effectively with people and to build teamwork.

The Nature of Leadership:

Leadership Behavior
Conceptual Skill
The ability to think in terms of models, frameworks, and broad
relationships, such as long-range plans.

Technical skills : Things

Human skills : People
Conceptual skills : Idea

The Nature of Leadership:

Situational Aspects
Successful leadership requires behavior that unites and
stimulates followers toward defined objectives in
specific situation.
Three elements affecting one another in determining
appropriate leadership behavior
Leader
Follower
Situation

The Nature of Leadership:

Situational Aspects
Followership
Leaders are also followers.
Ability to follow (dynamic subordinancy) is one of the
first requirements for good leadership.

The Nature of Leadership:

Situational Aspects
Followership behaviors include
Not competing with the leader to be in the limelight
Being loyal and supportive, a team player
Not being a yes person who automatically agrees
Acting as devils advocate by raising penetrating questions
Constructively confronting the leaders ideas, values, and
actions
Anticipating potential problems and preventing them

Good leaders are

good followers.