ENERGY ENGINEERING

(Ch. E-205)

4th Term,
B.Sc. Chemical Engineering
Session 2013
Delivered by:
Mr. Rizwan Ali
Department of Chemical Engineering
University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore

Course Outline
Mineral Energy resources
Fuels in solids, liquids and gaseous
state
Renewable energy resources
(Hydroelectric power, solar energy,
wind power, wave and tidal power,
geothermal energy, nuclear energy)
Carbonization
Combustion

Contd

Gasification
Fuel up-gradation
Energy from biomass
Environmental impact of energy
resources

Books Recommended
1. Brame J.S.S., King J.G. Fuel Solid Liquid
and Gaseous 6th Ed. 1967. Edward Arnold
(Publishers) Ltd. London
2. Harker J.H.,Backhurst J.R. Fuel and
Energy , 1981, Academic Press
3. Fuel, Furnaces and Refractories, O.P. Gupta.
4. An introduction to study of fuels, Mac Crae.
5. The Elements of Fuel Technology Himus.

6. Himus, Fuels and Combustion.

7. Probstein, Synthetic Fuels, McGraw Hill.
(Ronald and Hicks)
8. Marion Smith, Fuels and Combustion,
McGraw
Hill.
9. Bent Srensen , Renewable Energy,
Elsevier
Science Press.

THE SUN
The original source of most
energy resources.
Plants store the suns energy
through photosynthesis.
Animals then eat the plants.

Natural
gas

Oil

The Sun
The original source

Coal

of most energy
resources.
biomass

food
waves

Wind

Minerals: Building blocks of rocks

Definition of a mineral:
Naturally occurring
Inorganic solid
Ordered internal molecular
structure
Definite chemical composition

Definition of a rock:
A solid aggregate or mass of
minerals

Mineral Definitive Properties

Made of an element or a chemical compound
Definitive chemical composition
Orderly, regular repeating internal atomic
arrangement, crystalline structure
Made of inorganic solids
Formed by geologic processes

Mineral Diagnostic Properties

Color and streak
Luster
Crystal form
Cleavage
Hardness
Special properties (taste, smell, feel, tenacity,
reaction to acid, magnetism)

Major Rock Types

Igneous Rocks
that solidified from magma
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
accumulation and
subsequent consolidation of
sediments
Metamorphic rocks
when other rocks are
subjected to heat and
pressure

Energy Sources, Resources and Demand

World Energy Supply

World Energy Supply

World Energy Supply

World Energy Supply

World Energy
Consumption

Global energy usage

Global energy usage

Primary Energy Over View of

Pakistan

Oil Reserves in Pakistan

Gas Reserves in Pakistan

Coal Reserves in Pakistan

Energy Consumption in
Pakistan

Coal
Some historians believe that coal was first used
commercially in China.
There are reports that a mine in northeastern China
provided coal for smelting copper around 1000 BC.
The improvement of the steam engine by James Watt,
patented in 1769, was largely responsible for the
growth in coal use.
Coal was used to produce gas for gas lights in many
cities.
This process of coal gasification saw the growth in gas
lights across metropolitan areas at the beginning of
the 19th century, particularly in London.
The use of coal gas in street lighting was eventually
replaced with the emergence of the modern electric
era.

Continued History
With the development of electric power in the 19th
century, coals future became closely tied to electricity
generation.
The first practical coal-fired electric generating
station, developed by Thomas Edison, which went into
operation in New York City in 1882, supplied electricity
for household lights.
With the huge rise in transportation, oil finally
overtook coal as the largest source of primary energy
in the 1960s.

Uses
In the 1300s, Native Americans used coal for cooking,
making clay pots, and heating.
Wood charcoal had long been used to provide fuel in
England, but in the 18th century it was discovered
that coal burned cleaner and hotter.
Coal was used during the Industrial Revolution, when
demands for energy sources increased.
Coal was used to fuel steam-powered trains and in the
production of weapons during the American Civil War
About one hundred years ago in the US, it was used
for heating homes, generating electricity, powering
railroads and boats, and fueling factories.
Coal production has increased by more than 70%
since 1970.

uses continued

Coal provided 25% of global

energy needs in 2005 and 40%
of the worlds electricity
9 of 10 tons of coal mined in the
US is used to generate
electricity.
About 56% of the electricity is
coal-generated electricity.
Industries use coal to make
chemicals, cement, paper, and
metal products,
Methanol and ethylene, made
from coal gas, are used to make
products such as plastics,
medicines, fertilizers, and tar.

Energy Usage