WIND TURBINE

PRESENTED BY

DILIP RATHNAM.J
PP14006
SUHIT SHAH
PP14007
ROSHAN RAGHTATE
PP14008
MANPREET ARORA
PP14009
ROHIT GORJE
PP14010

Offshore wind turbines foundation

Offshore is one of the fastest growing sectors .

2010 300 turbines 3000MW
2015 20,000MW
Projects UK , Germany and Netherlands

Types of foundation

Several foundation types are available for wind energy offshore

towers

Gravity foundation

Monopile foundation

Tripod foundation

Jacket foundation

Wind turbine foundation remedial work

The purpose of the remedial works in a damaged wind
turbine foundation is to provide an alternative load
path
The remedial work was carried out in 5 stages:
1. Arresting the movements by fixing the tower.
2. Drilling of injection holes on both side of the
tower and inspection.
3. Construction of a new flange and prepare the
under casting
4. Injection into the foundation using Ducorit IQ.
5. Under cast of the new flange with Ducorit S5.

Wind Turbine Design

Two types of turbine design: Horizontal axis and Vertical axis.

Horizontal axis turbines: Can reach higher altitude wind but requires a
substantial tower structure. Used in most modern wind turbine designs.

Vertical axis turbines: No need to turn into wind (yaw), easier

construction and maintenance (generator and gear box are on the
ground) level, lower efficiency.

Drag or Lift Design

Wind turbines are designed based on either aerodynamic Drag or Lift

force.

o Lift Design

Blade is essentially an airfoil (like wings of airplanes).

When air flows past the blade, a wind speed and pressure differential is
created between the upper and lower blade surfaces. The pressure at the
lower surface is greater and thus acts to "lift" the blade.
The lift force is translated into rotational motion.
Lift design generally has higher efficiency and is used in most modern
turbines.
o Drag Design

The wind literally pushes the blades out of the way.

The Drag Force is parallel to the direction of motion. We want to make
this force small.

o Blade Angle
The angle between the chord line of the
blade and the wind direction (called angle
of attack) has a large effect on the lift
force (see figure below).
Typically, maximum lift fore is achieved
with 1.0 to 15.0 degrees angle of attack.

o Relative Wind direction

Wind direction relative to
blade
depends on wind speed and
rotor speed.

Typical Wind Turbine Operation

0 ~ 5 m/s

---

Wind speed is too low for generating power. Turbine is not

operational. Rotor is locked.

5 ~ 15 m/s ---- 5 m/s is the minimum operational speed. It is called Cut-in speed. In
10 ~ 25 mph wind, generated power increases with the wind speed.
15 ~ 25 m/s ---- Typical wind turbines reach the rated power (maximum operating
power) at wind speed of 15 m/s (called Rated wind speed). Further
increase in wind speed will not result in substantially higher generated
power by design. This is accomplished by, for example, pitching the
blade angle to reduce the turbine efficiency.
> 25 m/s

---- Turbine is shut down when wind speed is higher than 50mph (called
Cut-out speed) to prevent structure failure.

Thank you