You are on page 1of 80

IMO Model Course 1.

28

The Goal of Crowd Management


To optimize the chances of survival of
passengers and crew during emergency
situations

Training Objectives
At the end of the session the trainees shall
be able to :
Familiarize with the life-saving and firefighting equipment, and the use of
emergency control plans
Assist passengers en-route to muster
stations and emergency stations
Execute Mustering procedures through
effective communication with passengers

What is Crowd Management


is the disciplined and practical use of
acquired skills intelligently to be able to
control and direct crowds with threat of
panic en-route to muster stations in an
Emergency situation.

What is panic ?
A
reaction of flight, immobility and/or
disorganization stemming from intense

fear

BASIC INSTINCT
Prepares you to Fight
Prepares you to Run
Brain on red alert
Adrenaline Rush
Extra muscle power

Basic Reaction Patterns


Active 10% to 30%
WILLING TO DO SOMETHING
Passive 50% to 75%
ONLY WAITING DOING NOTHING
Panic 1% to 3%
OVERWHELMED with FEAR

An Introduction to STCW 95

What is STCW 78?


STCW
stands
for
the
International
Convention on Standards of Training,
Certification, and Watchkeeping for Seafarers
ratified in 1978.

Entered into force 1984


Ratified by most governments 1992
Revised Convention signed 1995

Why the Revision?

Casualties / human factor


Lack of competence
Changes in crew supply
Varying education and training systems
Good principles but not specific
Insufficient backing for the authorities
implement and control

STCW 95
Regulation for Passenger ship
The Regulation in the STCW
concerning passenger ship are:
Regulation V/2 for RO-RO
passenger ships
Regulation V/3 for
passenger ship other than
RO-RO passenger ships

Crowd Management Training


The crowd management training required by
STCW95 as amended regulation V/3,
paragraph 4 for personnel designated in the
muster list to assist passengers in
emergency situations shall include, but not
necessarily be limited to :

Awareness of
Life Saving Appliances

Solas Approved Lifejackets

Other Solas Approved Lifejackets

Life Boats

Open Life Boats

Enclosed Life Boats

Life Rafts

Pre fall

Davit Launch

Life Ring & Life Bouy

Immersion Suit & TPA

Evacuation Slides & Chute

Fire Fighting Apparatus

Know Your Fire Extinguisher

Know Your Fire Extinguisher

Other Fire Fighting Apparatus

Control Plan
IMO symbols of LSA & FFA
Ships Nomenclature
Location of Evacuation groups
Quantity & Type
Escape Routes
Doors & Ventilation
Fire Alarms & Fire Lockers

Control Plan

Ships Signage

Knowledge of Muster Lists


and
Emergency Instructions

Muster List or Station Bill


Is a valuable documents containing the
emergency duties and responsibilities of
each crew member, as well as lifeboat
embarkation and abandon ship.
Station bills/ muster list is to be found in
the bridge, engine control room, crew
mess room and crew accommodations
alleyways.

Muster List or Station Bill


The Muster List shows Where all crew
members should be during an
Emergency.
Crew MUST fully understand the list and
the Emergency
Instructions that
accompany it

Sample Muster List

Crew Muster Stations


GENERAL INSTRUCTION :
All of the instructions on where you must
go in case of an emergency are listed on
your emergency card. It is also referred to
as the BOAT & FIRE DRILL CARD. This
card will be given to you shortly after you
sign on board the ship. It gives instructions
as to your responsibilities in cases of
emergency and during drills on board.

Emergency CARD DUTIES


1. Know instructions on the card for:
(a) "BOAT DRILL" for "Abandon Ship
emergencies.
(b) "FIRE DRILL" for "fire on board"
emergencies.
2. As a crew member, your participation in the
Boat and Fire Drills is extremely important
so far as ship's safety is concerned.

Emergency CARD DUTIES


3. It is the duty of each crew member to insure
that he/she is in possession of their own BOAT
AND FIRE DRILL CARD at all times. Each card
shows the date of issuance.
4. No excuse may be offered for being unable to
produce a BOAT AND FIRE DRILL CARD. Any
crew member without such a card must report
it immediately to the Officer on duty on the
bridge.
5. Upon sign-off, the BOAT AND FIRE DRILL
CARD must be turned in to the Department
Head

Sample Emergency Card

Muster Station

Knowledge of emergency exits

Ships Lay-out importance!


It is very important for you to know your way
around the ship and find your way to your
muster station.
You must learn how the ship is organized (the
layout) as soon as possible.
A good way of doing this is to study the deck
plans color brochure and the "PAX AND CREW
STAIRS PLAN."
Knowledge of common ship terms for
numbering systems, direction and levels will be
essential for you to know where you are on the
ship.

Ship terms and definitions:


PORT - The "left hand side" of the ship as you
face the bow. Cabins and equipment on the port
side will have even numbers (numbers that can
be divided by 2).
STARBOARD - The "right hand side" of the ship
as you face the bow. Cabins and equipment on
the starboard side will have odd numbers
(1,3,5,7,9, etc.).
FORWARD - Going towards the bow (front) of the
ship. Numbers on cabins and equipment will get
smaller as you go forward.

Ship terms and definitions:


AFT - Going towards the stern (back end)
of the ship. Numbers on cabins and
equipment will get larger as you go aft.
DECK - Similar to a "floor" in a building on
shore. Decks are numbered from 0 (zero)
and increasing to usually a number less
than 20 (twenty). Decks can also have
names and are often color coded.

Color Coded Decks

Restrictions on the use of


elevators
Execute posting of stewards to direct
passengers to use stairs not elevators in
an emergency
Posting to restrict
passengers
Equipment failure
Safety devices failure
No appropriate signage

Assistance to passengers en-route to


muster or embarkation stations
Initial and intermediate stages of
evacuation
Confusion & hindrance
Action of Passengers
Establish authority

Clear and Reassuring Orders


Physical presence
Location
Clothing
Attitude
Simple orders
Low pitch voice
Repeat important information

Important in communication
The Passengers feels secured
somebody looks up to them

if

USE A STAGE OR A high Platform or


table for you to be immediately seen by
PASSENGERS

Necessary when communicating


with passengers
STRENGTH of
CHARACTER and a WIDE
MEASURE of DIPLOMACY

Areas of Posting
Arousing Passengers in Cabins
Corridors / Passage ways guide
Stairway guide
Fire Screen Door Assist
Elevator lobbies
Intersections
Muster station personnel

Control of Passengers in
stairways & passageways
When Passengers Helpers is needed:
Big Group w/ children
Panic stricken passengers
Handicapped & passive
Hurt and Injured passengers

Escape Route

An escape route is the entire passage


way from your location up to the Muster
or Embarkation stations

Escape routes clear from


obstructions
Escape route typical obstructions
Laundry Trolleys
Bus boy push carts
Provision boxes
Luggages
Locked doors
Repair tools/equipment
Fire fighting equipment
Hard wares

Escape routes clear from


obstructions
Escape route typical obstructions
Sun deck chairs
Portable bars
Ornamental plants
Decors
Sports equipment
Blocked fire screen doors
Blocked water tight doors
Wheel chairs
Garbage bins

Evacuation of Disabled & Persons


Needing Special Assistance
Location of disabilities
Attitude of disabled passenger considered
Communication - calmly
Accompanying Persons
Life-support equipment

Crowd Management

The Neil Robertson Stretcher

The casualty fully strapped is being


hoisted to a safe area

EMS Immobile VAC Mattress

Search of accommodation spaces


Mark door of searched cabin
Safety of team
Use proper equipment
Well communicated action
Coordinated action
Efficiency & speed

Mustering Procedures
Be familiar with the major considerations
to keep order and avoid panic
Know the importance of Passenger listsroll calls, passengers clothing and
lifejackets donnings
Do activities to distract relieve tension of
passengers
Prepare passengers for abandon ship
crocodile queues

Muster Station Personnel Tasks


1) Maintain calm. Seat all passengers if
possible
2) Explain lifejacket issue is precautionary
only
3) Issue lifejacket
4) Silence - Stand where you can be seen Demonstrate wearing of lifejacket
5) Instruct Passengers to Don Lifejackets

Muster Station Personnel Tasks


6)

Instruct Passengers to Don Lifejackets

7)

Assist where necessary.


worn correctly

8)

Maintain calm - Reseat Passengers - Ask


for silence

9)

Commence crew count

Ensure all are

10) Detail crew members to assist old and


disabled passengers
11) Explain what is happening be factual need
to know basis only

Muster Station Personnel Tasks


12) Control parties
incident

are

dealing

with

the

13) Captain in full control of the situation


14) Boat preparation team in
precautionary measures only

action

for

15) Update information as required


16) Explain
evacuation
indicate exits

procedures

and

17) Assure passengers that the ship is the


best lifeboat

Muster Station Personnel Tasks


18) Explain the abandon ship procedures
19) Communicate
passenger
and
headcount to central command

crew

20) Continue to maintain calm and re-assure


passengers

FIRE TEAMS &


EVAC. GROUPS

MAN-OVERBOARD
TEAMS
ABANDONSHIP
RESPONSE TEAMS &
EVACUATION GROUPS

BOAT PREP TEAM

CLEARING OUT
PARTY

BOMB THREAT
TEAMS & EVAC.
GROUPS

STEERING
CASUALTY TEAMS

Operational Command
Bridge

Zone leaders

CENTRAL
EVACUATION
COMMAND

COLLISION TEAMS
& EVAC. GROUPS

Importance of keeping order


In-charge of the muster station are from time
to time to give factual information to the
passengers and make some activity for the
passengers.
This way their minds will be focused on
something else rather than the danger itself

Importance of keeping order


The primary function in keeping order is to
organize queues, to ensure that the
persons are seated correctly in the
lifeboats. This way the passengers will less
likely to panic. There will be an atmosphere
of order and control
Passengers without lifejacket should be
issued one from the spares locker

Ways in keeping order at the


muster station
Apply the clear and re-assuring orders, this
simply means that you give the passengers
factual information from time to time.
You must keep the passengers busy, keep
them occupied in both information and activity
The activity that you can do is by doing a
simple roll call or do a lifejacket demonstration
or the crocodile queue.

Ways in keeping order at the


muster station
Try to assess the situation. Look for signs of
unusual behavior amongst the passengers and
try to address it.
Be prepared in organizing the crocodile queue
of passengers routed to the lifeboat stations.
Assign a crewmember to demonstrate it to the
passengers.

Keeping Order in the Muster


Station
Establish authority
Keep people occupied
Organize crocodile queue to lifeboats
Ensure correct boarding and seating in the
lifeboat

Ability to use procedures for


reducing and avoiding panic
Re-uniting families and disabilities with
their accompanying persons. Children
require special attention. It is essential to
connect capable helpers with such children

Ability to use procedures for


reducing and avoiding panic
Stop the rumor mill of detrimental
information amongst the passengers
Inject fresh information about the good
progress of the evacuation

Ability to use procedures for


reducing and avoiding panic
The trouble makers (the active persons)
must not be allowed to act freely, they
should be kept occupied with helping
others
Connect active persons with persons
having panicked or which are in need of
help in any other way

Ability to use procedures for


reducing and avoiding panic
Panic consumes resources. Ask help from
composed adult persons
Leadership is essential, in its absence
rumors will spread and strong-willed but
ill-informed passengers may attempt to
influence events

Passenger List for Mustering


A passenger list for
each muster station
may facilitate an
efficient and focused
search
of
the
passenger areas.

International Legislation , Codes


and Agreements
One compartment ship is not allowed
Can withstand wave heights of more than
1.5 meters
Can survive in more severe sea conditions
Shell doors must be hydro-tested on
annual ship survey
Passenger ship safety certificate renewed
every year.
International ship security certificate
renewed every year

International Legislation , Codes


and Agreements
RO-RO vessel can not operate with open
doors unless it is power operated or can be
closed from the bridge
Lashing and securing 01.06.96 SOLAS
made mandatory to carry a cargo securing
manual to ensure cargo is secured for the
intended voyage.

Opening, Closing and Securing


Hull Openings
Ships Procedures
Entries in the log book
Certified Operators
Positive Reports
Indicator lights and CCTV

Details of Appliances
Deck Gangway shell doors
Pilot Doors
Stern door
Bow door and ramp
Hoistable car decks
Stores cranes
Main Engine Room Crane

Hull Opening Regulations


No Ramp door / Shell door to be open
without OOW informed and full approval
given
Only Certified operators is authorized to
open the Ramp doors
One deck crew to attend at all times when
Ramp door is open
Ramp door to be closed as soon as work is
completed
Activities to be logged in the official logbook

Legislation Affecting RO-RO


Passenger Ships
National & International Regulations
Ship Restrictions
Approved loading and discharging berths

Passenger Safety Training


The passengers safety training required by
regulation V/3,paragraph 7 for masters, chief
mates and persons assigned immediate
responsibility
for
embarking
and
disembarking passengers shall at least
ensure attainment of the ability appropriate to
their duties and responsibilities to embark
and disembark passengers with special
attention to disabled persons and persons
needing assistance

Passenger Safety Training


Relation with other requirement
ISM code
ISM code awareness
Safety management system (SMS) training ship
specific
STCW code
Shipboard familiarization
Safety familiarization
Periodic Safety drills and exercises
ISPS code training
Ship security awareness
Anti-piracy training

Passenger Safety Training


- Ship Type Specific Competence -

Technical arrangements for passenger


embarkation and disembarkation
Special considerations for the handicapped
passengers
The use of tenders on the embarkation and
disembarkation of passengers
Security arrangements on the embarkation
of passengers

You might also like