Financial

Financial &
& Managerial
Managerial
Accounting
Accounting
The Basis for Business Decisions

TWELFTH EDITION

Williams
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Haka

Bettner

Meigs

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Chapter

McGraw-Hill/Irwin

ACCOUNTING:
Information for Decision Making

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The
accounting
process

Economic
activities

Actions
(decisions)
McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Accounting
links decision
makers with
economic
activities and
with the results of
their decisions.

Accounting
information

Decision
makers

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Types
Types of
of Accounting
Accounting Information
Information

Financial

Tax

Managerial

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Information
Information System
System

Information
Information
Users
Users
Investors
Investors
Creditors
Creditors
Managers
Managers
Owners
Owners
Customers
Customers
Employees
Employees
Regulatory
Regulatory
agencies
agencies
-SEC
-SEC
-IRS
-IRS
-EPA
-EPA
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Cost
Cost&&Revenue
Revenue
Determination
Determination
Job
Jobcosting
costing
Process
Processcosting
costing
ABC
ABC
Sales
Sales
Assets
Assets&&
Liabilities
Liabilities
Plant
Plantand
and
equipment
equipment
Loans
Loans&&equity
equity
Receivables,
Receivables,
payables
payables&&cash
cash
Cash
CashFlows
Flows
From
Fromoperations
operations
From
Fromfinancing
financing
From
Frominvesting
investing

Decision
DecisionSupport
Support
CVP
CVPanalysis
analysis
Performance
Performance
evaluation
evaluation
Incremental
Incremental
analysis
analysis
Budgeting
Budgeting
Capital
Capital
allocation
allocation
Earnings
Earningsper
per
share
share
Ratio
Ratioanalysis
analysis

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Basic
Basic Functions
Functions of
of an
an Accounting
Accounting
System
System
Interpret
and record
business
transactions.
Payment

Car
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Basic
Basic Functions
Functions of
of an
an Accounting
Accounting
System
System
Interpret
and record
business
transactions.

McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Classify
similar
transactions
into useful
reports.

Summarize
and
communicate
information to
decision
makers.

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Objectives
Objectives of
of External
External Financial
Financial
Reporting
Reporting
The
Theprimary
primaryexternal
external users
usersof
of financial
financialinformation
informationare
are
investors
investorsand
and creditors.
creditors.

Cash Flow Prospects

Investors
Creditors
Return on
Periodic
Periodic
Investment
dividends
interest
Sale of
Repayment of
Return of
ownership at a
loan at a
Investment
future date
future date
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(Specific)

Information about economic

resources, claims to resources, and
changes in resources and claims.

Objectives
of
Financial
Reporting

Information useful in assessing

amount, timing and uncertainty of
future cash flows.

Information useful in making

investment and credit decisions.
(General)
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Objectives
Objectives of
of External
External Financial
Financial
Reporting
Reporting
Balance Sheet
Income Statement
Statement of Cash Flows

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The primary
financial
statements.

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Financial
Financial Statements:
Statements:
AALens
Lensto
toView
View Business
Business
Fi

i
c
n
na

ep
R
al

g
n
i
t
or

Financial
Statements
Fin
anc
ial
Re

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por
ting

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Characteristics
Characteristics of
of Externally
Externally
Reported
Reported Information
Information
AAMeans
Meansto
to
an
anEnd
End

Usefulness
Usefulness
Enhanced
Enhancedvia
via
Explanation
Explanation

Broader
Broader than
than
Financial
Financial
Statements
Statements

Based
Basedon
on
General
General Purpose
Purpose
Assumption
Assumption

Historical
Historical in
in
Nature
Nature

Results
Resultsfrom
fromInexact
Inexactand
and
Approximate
ApproximateMeasures
Measures
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Internal
Internal Users
Users of
of Accounting
Accounting
Information
Information
Board of Directors
Chief Executive Officer
Chief Financial Officer
Vice Presidents
Business Unit Managers
Plant Managers
Store Managers
Line Supervisors

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T y p ic a l S im p le O r g a n iz a tio n C h a r t
B o a rd o f
D ir e c t o r s
(O w n e rs )
C h ie f E x e c u t iv e
O ffic e r
(C E O )
B u s in e s s U n it
M anager
P la n t
M anager

P la n t
M anager

P la n t
A c c o u n ta n t

P la n t
A c c o u n ta n t

McGraw-Hill/Irwin

V .P . H u m a n
R e s o u rc e s

V .P . In f o rm a tio n
S e r v ic e s

C h ie f F in a n c ia l
O ffic e r (C F O )

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Information about decision-making

authority, for decision-making support, and
for evaluating and rewarding decision-making
performance.

Information useful in assessing

both the past performance and future
directions of the enterprise and information
from external and internal sources.

Objectives
of
Managerial
Reporting

Information useful to help the enterprise

achieve its goal, objectives and mission.

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Characteristics
Characteristics of
of Management
Management
Accounting
Accounting Information
Information
Timeliness
Timeliness
AAMeans
Meansto
to
an
anEnd
End

Identify
Identify
DecisionDecisionMaking
Making
Authority
Authority

Measures
Measuresof
of
Efficiency
Efficiencyand
and
Effectiveness
Effectiveness

Oriented
Oriented
Toward
Toward
Future
Future

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Integrity
Integrity of
of Accounting
Accounting Information
Information
Institutional Features
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)
Financial Accounting Standards Board
Securities and Exchange Commission
Internal Control Structure
Audits

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Integrity
Integrity of
of Accounting
Accounting Information
Information
Professional Organizations
American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
Institute of Management Accountants
Institute of Internal Auditors
American Accounting Association

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Integrity
Integrity of
of Accounting
Accounting Information
Information
Competence, Judgment and Ethical Behavior
Certified Public Accountants (CPAs)
Certificate in Management Accounting (CMA)
Certificate in Internal Auditing (CIA)
Code of Professional Conduct

CP
A
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End
End of
of Chapter
Chapter 11

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