PASSIVE VOICE

Creat by group 5

PASSIVE VOICE
Active:

S+V+O

Passive: S + Be + PP(V3ed) + by + O
(tense)
Example: My father planted this tree
last year.
This tree was planted by my
father last year.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN

PASSIVE VOICE
The Simple Present Tense

Active: S + V(s/es) + O
Passive: S + am/is/are + PP + by
+O
EX: He reads books every day.
Books are read (by him) every day.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN

PASSIVE VOICE
The Present Continuous Tense
Active: S + am/is/are + V-ing + O
Passive: S + am/is/are + being +PP + by
+O

EX: He is writing a novel at the

moment.
A novel is being written (by him) at the
moment.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN

PASSIVE VOICE
The Present Perfect Tense
Active: S + Has/Have + V3ed + O
Passive: S + has/have + been +PP + by
+O

EX: He has just finished a novel.

A novel has just been finished
(by him).

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN

PASSIVE VOICE
The Simple Past Tense
Active: S + V2ed + O
Passive: S + was/were + PP + by + O

EX: He gave Tom a book.

A book was given to Tom (by him).
Tom was given a book (by him).

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN

PASSIVE VOICE
The Past Continuous Tense

Active: S + was/were + V-ing + O

Passive: S + was/were + being + PP + by +
O

EX: He was writing a letter at 8.00

yesterday.
A letter was being written (by him).

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN

PASSIVE VOICE
The Past Perfect Tense

Active: S + had + V3ed + O

Passive: S + had + been + PP + by +
O
EX: He had finished his homework before
8.00 yesterday.
His homework had been finished (by
him) before 8.00 yesterday.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN

PASSIVE VOICE
The Simple Future Tense
Active: S + will/shall + V + O
Passive: S + will/shall + be + PP + by
+O

EX: He will finish the homework.

The homework will be finished.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN

PASSIVE VOICE
The Future Continuous Tense
Active: S + will/shall + be + V-ing + O
Passive: S + will/shall + be + being + PP +
by + O

EX: Tom will be cooking lunch at

10.00 tomorrow.
Lunch will be being cooked by
Tom at 10.00 tomorrow.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN

PASSIVE VOICE
The Future Perfect Tense
Active: S + will/shall + have + V3ed + O
Passive: S + will/shall + have + been + PP
+ by + O

EX: By the end of next week, he will

have written 10 letters to her.
By the end of next week, 10 letters
will have been written to her.

MODAL VERBS (MV) IN PASSIVE

VOICE
Modal Verbs can be used in either the
present or past forms.
Active: S + MV (not) + V + O
Passive: S + MV (not) + Be + PP + by +
O

EX: We cant solve this problem.

This problem cant be solved.

PASSIVE VOICE WITH

CAUSATIVE FORM
Active: S + Has/Have + O1 + V (BI)+ O2
S + Get + O1 + V (to-infinitive) + O2
Passive: S + Has/Have/Get + O2 + PP
EX: My father had Tom wash his car.
My father had his car washed by Tom

OTHER INFINITIVE
COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE
VOICE
Verbs of liking/loving/wanting/wishing +
Object + infinitive form their passive with
the passive infinitive.
Active: S + V + O1 + to-infinitive + O2
Passive: S + V + O + To Be + PP

EX: He wants someone to take photographs .

He wants photographs to be taken.

Such verbs as
have/let/make/hear/see/watch/feel/ observe
are used in the following passive structure:

Active: S + V + O + V (BI)
Passive: S + To Be + PP + to-Infinitive

EX:

down.

The gravity makes things drop

Things are made to drop down by the gravity.

Note: The verb following let does not bear
to in the passive sentence.

OTHER INFINITIVE
COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE
VOICE
With advise/beg/order/recommend/urge +
Indirect Object + Infinitive + Object, we have
two ways of making the passive voice.
<1>Active: S + V + O1 + to-infinitive + O2
Passive: S + To Be + PP + to-infinitive + O2
EX: He urged the Council to reduce the tax.
The Council was urged to reduce the tax.

OTHER INFINITIVE
COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE
VOICE
With advise/beg/order/recommend/urge +
Indirect Object + infinitive + Object, we have
two ways of making the passive voice.
<2>Active: S + V + O1 + to-infinitive + O2

PP

Passive: S1 + V + that + S2 + should be +

EX: He urged the Council to reduce the tax.

He urged that the tax should be reduced.

OTHER INFINITIVE
COMBINATIONS AFTER THE
PASSIVE VERB
After acknowledge/assume/believe/claim/
consider /estimate/feel/find/know/report/
say/think /understand , we use the
infinitive construction.
Simple Infinitive: if the time in the
infinitive passive is the same as that of the
main active verb.

<1>Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 +
V2 + (O)
Passive: It + To Be + PP + that +
S2 + V 2 +
(O)
EX: People said that he was
jealous of her.
It was said that he was jealous
of her.

<2>Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2
+ (O)
Passive: S+ To Be + PP + to + V+
(O)
EX: People said that he was jealous
of her.
He was said to be jealous of her.

Perfect Infinitive: if the time in the

infinitive passive is earlier than that of the

main active verb.

<1>Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 +
(O)
Passive: It + To Be + PP + that + S2 +
V2 + (O)
EX: People say that he was jealous of her.
It is said that he was jealous of her.

<2>Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 +
(O)
Passive: S+ To Be + PP + to have + PP
+ (O)
EX: People say that he was jealous of
her.
He is said to have been jealous of her.

OTHER GERUND
COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE
VOICE
With advise/insist/propose/recommend
/suggest + Gerund + Object
Active: S + V + V-ing + O
Passive: S + V + that + S + should be + PP
EX: He recommended using bullet-proof
glass.
He recommended that bullet-proof glass
should be used.

OTHER GERUND
COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE
VOICE
Active: S + V + O + V-ing
Passive: S + V + Being + PP + by + O
EX: I remembered my father taking me
to the zoo.
I remember being taken to the zoo
by my father.

Active: S + V + To-inf + O
Passive: S + V + To Be + PP + by + O
EX: She started to learn English 5 years ago.
English started to be learnt 5 years ago.
Active: S + V + V-ing + O
Passive: S + V + Being + PP + by + O
EX: She started learning English 5 years ago.
English started being learnt 5 years ago.