Finite Elements Method

in Fracture Mechanics
Naoto Sakakibara

outline
Introduction
Collapsed Quadrilateral QPE Element
Enriched Element
Demo NS-FFEM1.0
Result
Extended Finite Element Method
Summary

FEM in Fracture Mechanics

Early Application for Fracture Mechanics

> 5-10% error for simple problem *1

> solutions around tip cannot guaranteed*2

u~

~1

r
r

a. Crack tip element

Quarter Point Element
b. Enriched Element
Add another DOF

Collapsed Quarter Point

Element

Henshell and Shaw,1975

1/r variation for strain can be achieved
Same shape function N,
Standard FEM can be used
Collapsed Element, more accuracy than
other QPEs.

ui ( x) N ij ( x)u j

Ex)
7

47
3
8

H/
4

3H/4

Transition Element
Lynn and Ingraffea, 1978
Combined with QPE element
Improving the accuracy of SIF, under special

configuration
Located between Normal Element & QPE

L 2 L 1
L
4

Collapsed
QPE

(1,0 (L,0

(L,0

Meshing tips
Suggestion
L-QPE/ 4a
~ 0.050.2
L-QPE/L-Tra.
~
1.5244
Number of QPE
L
~6
-Tra.
L -QPE 12

Quarter
Point
Element

Transitional
Element

Isoparamet
ric Element

Note:
No optimal element

Enrich Element
Adding the analytic expression of the crack
tip field to the conventional FEM

ui N k uik K I (Q1i N k Q1k ) K II (Q2i N k Q2ik )

k
k
k

Singular field
General
FEM

term
QI 1

1
1

cos
sin 2
G
2 2
2

Drawbacks
Part of the solution of
Additional DOF
displacement field
Not able to use general FEM
Higher order
u
11
12
K
K
F
more integration point

KI

21
22
Incompatibility in displacement
K
F '
K

K
Transition element
II

NS-FFEM ver1.0
Fem.exe
Method
Gaussian Elimination
Algebraic BC

B,D

Input
CPE4,CPE8,QPE8+Transitio
nal
Mesh number
Geometry
Material Property
Output
SIF (QPDT)
,
u, v

Deformed Configuration

ABAQUS QPE with CPE8

NS-FFEM with QPE

Result-1
SIF QPDT method

2G 2
KI
(v ' B v ' D )
1 L
SIF DCT method

2G 2
KI
((v'B v'D ) (v'C v'E )
1 L
E
C

D
B

Result - 2
Enriched by singular
function around tip.

Extended FEM-1
n

mt

mf

j 1

k 1

l 1

h 1

u (x) N j (x)u j N k (x)( Fl (x)b k ) N h (x) H ( (x))a h

F - Singular field
function
EI EII

A
II

FI

FII

H Discontinuous
function

H step, sign, etc.

I(x), II(x) different function
a associated with displacements
at E & F
Mesh independent from crack

Extended FEM-2

Discontinuo
us Function
H

Singular
field
Function

Summary

mt

mf

j 1

k 1

l 1

h 1

u (x) N j (x)u j N k (x)( Fl (x)b k ) N h (x) H ( (x))a h

Reference
Chona, R., Irein, G., and Sanford, R.J. (1983). The influence of
specimen size and shape on the singurarity-dominated zone.
Proceedings, 14th National Symposium on Fracture Mechanics,
STP791, Vol.1, American Soc. for Testing and Materials, (pp. I1I23). Philadelphia.
I.L.Lim, I.W.Jhonston and S.K.Choi. (1993). Application of singular
quadratic distorted isoparametric elements in linear fracture
mechanics. International journal for numerical methods in
engineering , Vol.36, 2473-2499.
I.L.Lim, I.W.Johnston and S.K.Choi. (1992). On stress intensity
factor computation from the quater-point element
displacements. Communications in applied numerical methods ,
Vol.8, 291-300.
Mohammad, S. (2008). Extendet finite element. Blackwell
Publishing.
Nicolas Moes, John Dolbow and Ted Belystschko. (1999). A finite
element method for crack growth withiout remeshing.