VIDEO !!!!!

4.4 UNDERSTANDING THE GAS LAWS

The

behaviour of gas depends on

three properties of gas

1)

Volume
2) Temperature
3) Pressure

1) VOLUME OF A GAS
the

molecules move freely in random

motion and fill up the whole container
the volume of gas = volume of the
container

2)

TEMPERATURE
The

molecules are in continuous random

motion
When the temperature of gas is raised,
the average kinetic energy of gas
molecules increases
The average kinetic energy is
proportional to the temperature

3) PRESSURE
The

molecules are in continuous random

motion.
When a molecule collides with the wall of the
container and bounces back, there is a change
in momentum and a force is exerted on the
wall
The force per unit area is the pressure of the
gas

Property and

SI unit

symbol

Symbol Others unit

for SI
unit

Pressure, P

pascal

Pa

Ncm-2, cm
Hg

Volume, V

(metre)3

m3

mm3, cm3

Temperature, T

kelvin

C, F

ACTIVITY

Set up the apparatus as shown in the figure above

The initial volume of the air in the syringe is adjusted to a
volume of 120 cm3 .Record the pressure from the Bourdon
gauge
The piston is gently applied to push the air into the syringe
to a volume of 100 cm3. Record the pressure
Repeat for different values of volume

RESULTS
Volume, V ( cm3)
120
100
80
60
40

Pressure, P (Pa)

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRESSURE AND

VOLUME

The

volume of container A is bigger

The number of gas molecules per unit volume
is low
The gas molecules collide with the container
less frequently
As the result, the pressure is lower

The

volume of container B is smaller

So, the number of gas molecules per unit
volume is high
The gas molecules will collide with the walls of
the container more frequently
As the result, the pressure in the container is
high

BOYLES LAW
Boyles

law states that for a fixed mass of gas,

the pressure of the gas is inversely proportional
to its volume when the temperature is kept
constant
P inversely proportional to V
PV = constant
or P1V1 = P2V2

EXAMPLE

A bubble of air is formed at the base of the lake.

At the moment, its volume is 30 cm3 and it
experiences a pressure of 190 cm Hg. What is the
volume of the bubble when it reaches the surface
of the sea? The atmospheric pressure = 76cm Hg

solution:
P1V1= P2V2
(190)(30) = (76) V2
V2= 75cm3

SUMMARY

DEMONSTRATION

VIDEO

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VOLUME

AND TEMPERATURE

When

the temperature of gas is raised, the

kinetic energy of molecules increase.
the molecules move faster
The molecules push the piston
The gas expands and the pressure remains
constant

EXTRAPOLATING THE V- GRAPH

The volume of a gas decreases when its

temperature is lowered.
Impossible to lower the temperature until the
volume becomes zero

ABSOLUTE
ZERO
The

lowest possible temperature that is

-273C (0 Kelvin / 0 K) is known as the
absolute zero of temperature

The

gas theoretically stop moving and

have zero volume

The

temperature measured in Kelvin scale

is called as the absolute temperature

GRAPH VOLUME VS TEMPERATURE (KELVIN SCALE )

The volume is directly proportional to the

temperature of gas

Temperature Celcius scale

Kelvin scale

Absolute zero

-273C

0K

Ice point

0C

273K

Steam point

100 C

373 K

Unknown

(+ 273) K

CHARLES LAW

Charless law states that for a fixed

mass of gas, the volume of the gas is
directly proportional to its absolute
temperature when its pressure is
kept constant

MATHEMATICAL
EXPRESSION

VT
V/ T = constant

SIMULATION !!!!!!

EXAMPLE

The figure shows a balloon filled with air

at temperature of 30C. The same balloon
is then filled with air at a temperature of
50C. What id the final volume of the
balloon if its initial volume is 20cm3 ?

Solution:
V1= 20cm3

T1= (30 + 273) =303K

V2 = ?

T2= (87 + 273) =360K

V1/ T1 = V2 / T2
20/303 = V2 / 323
V2 = 21.3 cm3

QUESTION
1) What is the formula for Charless Law?
_________________________
2) Which of the following situations involved Charles Law?
A: Air pressure in a soccer ball increases during a hard kick
B: The size of bubble in the dough increases when it was bake in an
oven
C: Gas pressure increases after a gas cylinder was put under the
sunlight
D: Helium gas balloon expanded when it goes up the sky

SUMMARY

SIMULATION

4.4
UNDERSTANDING
THE GAS LAWS

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRESSURE

AND TEMPERATURE

In container A, the temperature of gas is low

The gas molecules have low kinetic energy and
move at low speed.
Thus, the frequency of collisions between gas
molecules and the wall is low.
The pressure is low

In

container B, the temperature is higher

The average kinetic energy of the gas molecule
is high
Thus, higher frequency of collision between the
gas molecules and the walls of the container
The pressure in container B is greater

EXTRAPOLATING GRAPH OF PRESSURE

VS TEMPERATURE

GRAPH OF PRESSURE VS ABSOLUTE

TEMPERATURE

PRESSURE LAW

The pressure law states that for a fixed

mass of gas, the pressure of the gas is
directly proportional to its absolute
temperature when its volume is kept
constant

MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION

PT
That is P / T = constant
or P1 / T1 = P2 / T2

EXAMPLE
The air pressure in a bicycle tyre is 150kPa at a temperature of
30C. What is the air pressure in the tyre at a temperature of
33C?
[Assume the volume of the air in the tyre is constant]
Solution:
P1=150kPa

T1 = 30 + 273 = 303 K

P2 = ?

T2 = 33 + 273 = 306 K

P1 / T1 = P2 / T2
150/303 = P2 / 306
P2 = 151.5 kPa

QUESTION
The initial pressure and temperature of the air
in the car tyre was 200 kPa and 27C
respectively. After a journey, the pressure of
the air was found to be 230kPa. Calculate the
temperature of the air in the tyre.
Solution:

SOLUTION
P1 = 200 kPa

T 1=(27+273) =300K

P2 = 230 kPa

T2 = ?

using pressure law,

P 1 / T 1 = P 2 / T2
200/300 = 230/ T2
T2 = 230 x 300
200
= 345 K