DEVIANCE AND

SOCIAL CONTROL

What is DEVIANCE?
An alleged breach of the social
order
Acts that violates social
expectation
Acts that elicits social disapproval
Acts that causes people to
exclaim something must be done

Is DEVIANCE universal?
YES!

Examples of DEVIANCE
Eating of beef
- India
Eating of pork
-Moslems and some Jews
Sexual possessiveness and
jealousy
Eskimo societies

Therefore

DEVIANCE means violations of

the
norms
-SELZNICK

Who are those people who

violate social norms?

Sociologists classify them

into different types

Prostitutes
Criminals
Delinquents
Hippies
Mentally insane
Genius

* DEVIANCE varies from time

to time and from place to
place*

THEORIES OF DEVIANCE

BIOLOGICAL THEORY
Cesare Lombroso
-physical characteristics of the
criminal should be thoroughly
analyzed
Ernest Horton
-criminals are organically inferior to
normal people

BIOLOGICAL THEORY(Cont..)

William Sheldon
-body type is linked to behavior
-people are classified into three
categories
a) endomorphs
- soft, round and usually fat

BIOLOGICAL THEORY(Cont..)

b) mesomorphs
-muscular, stocky and
athletic
c) ectomorphs
-skinny and fragile

PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY
Deviance rooted from the
persons mind rather than in
his body
Freudian theorists
-deviance is linked with the
defects of the super ego or
conscience

SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY
Socio-cultural processes and
organizational structures of society
Anomie theory
- groups in power define acts of the
weaker groups as deviant in order
to exploit them

SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY(Cont..)
Merton
- 5 ways to adapt to the goals of
culture
a) conformity
b) innovation
c) ritualism
d) retreatism
e) rebellion

CULTURAL TRANSMISSION THEORY

Deviance is a part of a subculture pattern
Shaw and McKay
-the norms of the sub-culture are
passed on the peer group, and to
the gang, during interaction
with new comers

SOCIAL LEARNING THORY

A behavior is strengthened by
rewards (positive reinforcement)
Or the avoidance of punishment
(negative reinforcement)
And weakened by aversive
stimuli or loss of rewards

LABELING THORY
Edwin Lemert
-2 types of deviance
a) primary
b) secondary

 PRIMARY DEVIANCE
-behavior that violates social
norms but is temporary and
infrequent
SECONDARY DEVIANCE
- involves habitual violation of
norms by person who not only
consider themselves deviant but
also labeled as such by others

SOCIAL DEVIATION

CAUSES OF SOCIAL
DEVIATION
1)Social disorganization
2)Weakening of social control
3)Labeling
4)Biological and psychological
factors

SOCIAL CONTROL

 Social control
-making the members of the
society conforms and behave
according to the norms of the
group

CRIME AND JUSTICE SYSTEM

Crime
- violation of the norm that has
been codified by the law and is
backed by the power and authority
of the state
* Not all crimes are regarded as
deviant and not all acts that are
considered deviant are crimes *

SOCIAL PROBLEM
Are parts of human existence
Can be traced to their human origin
Real causes of social problem must
themselves be social
ex: family crimes
family disorganization
natural disrupted event

1. Criminal in nature ( murder,

assault, rape, etc)
2. Inequality brought about
capitalism (racism, sexism,
alienation, etc)
3. Death integrating traditional
family, population problems
Poverty, homosexuality,
threats of nuclear weapons.

4. Old age consumerism, pollution,

social change
5. Political climates, conflict on
religious beliefs

POVERTY
-a condition of having
no money to buy
goods and provides
service to satisfy ones
basic needs.
-a denial of choices
and opportunities for
living a tolerable life.
-most deadly
diseases (children)

RESULT:
-malnutrition (34%
under 5yrs of age)
-illiteracy
-diseases
-low life expectancy
-abandoned child

POVERTY
Nature of Poverty:

Philippines has:
-Natural Resources
-Deposit of Gold
-Richest land on earth
-Geothermal Power
-High Literacy Rate

Why does
poverty still exist
in our country?!!

POVERTY
1. Is an assurance of a ready lowwage labor
(GRO,PROSTITUTES,CALBOYS)
2. Assurance the merchants that
left-over goods will not go into
waste
3. Creates job opportunities for a
profession that serves the poor.

3. Assures the upward mobility in the

social ladder of the others
4. Assures the benefit of the innovation
in the fields of medicines and in
warfare.
5. Assures the powerful elite in a
society of a group of people who are
willing to absorb the cost of change.
6. Assures the legitimacy of moral
order

POVERTY
EFFECTS OF POVERTY:
Lack of self esteem and
alienation from the society
Existence of social movements
They perceive that there is
something inequal
Serious political problems
(disobedience or revolution)

STREET GANG
- A voluntary association with a clear
set of values, goals and role
group function, symbols &
initiations.
COMMON GANGS JOINERS:
1. from a poor family, with several
siblings & no father

2. who had difficulty in school

& have gotten into trouble
3. seems to have more
identity problems
4. who were at least able to
cope stresses

JUVENILE DELIQUENCY &

CRIMES
JUVENILE DELIQUENCY children
below 21yrs old who violates law
or who fail to do what the law
require

one who is over nine years but

under twenty one years of age at
the time of the commission of the
offense
-The Child & Youth Welfare Code.
Crime refer to adult behavior

JUVENILE DELIQUENCY
THE DELIQUENT one who
committed an offense against
an individual and is punishable
under criminal justice system

3 types of Delinquent:
1.Environmental Delinquent
occasional lawbreakers
2.Emotional Maladjusted
Delinquent chronic lawbreakers
& habit they can't avoid or escape

2.Psychiatric Delinquent
related to serious emotional
disturbance
in the family associated to
mentally ill tendencies

JUVENILE DELINQUECY
CAUSES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCIES:
1. Social Disorganization
2. Poverty
3. Broken Homes

JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
Control Mechanism to Prevent
Juvenile Delinquecy
1. Individuals Programs
Individual behavior therapy
aims to modify the behavior
of the delinquent by changing
the environment.

SOME RELEVANT
CONTINGENCY:
1. Reinforcement buddy
system
2. Punishment rehabilitative
programs

JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
2. Social skill Training:
Cognitive Behavior
Program application of
both social theory and
cognitive theory to form
therapeutic methods.

PROSTITUTION & SEXUALLY

TRANSMITTED DISEASE
Prostitution a social problem
considered as low as mankind.
- the sale & purchase of sexual
relation
Homosexual Prostitute
Male Prostitute
Female Prostitute usually been
the predominant pattern.

PROSTITUTE
TYPES OF PROSTITUTION:
FEMALE PROSTITUTES:
- Brothels
- street walkers ; hookers
- under the supervision of a MADAM
- usually roam in park, public entries,
movie houses
- high classprostitutes (5 start
hotels)

PROSTITUTION
MALE PROSTITUTES:
- cater principally to
homosexual males.
- department stores, shopping
malls, lobbies, hotels and gay
bars

PROSTITUTION
CAUSES OF PROSTITTION:
1. Poverty
2. Women who came from
provinces & went to urban centers
to seek jobs.
3. illegally recruited Filipino job
seekers in Hongkong, Japan &
others Asian Countries.

HOUSING
- A BASIC NEEDS
- A HUMAN RIGHTS
- A NATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

SQUATTING
-Illegal settlement of families
on government and private
lands
CAUSES:
- The influx of immigrants, mostly
from rural areas to urbancenters, in
search
of
better
livelihood
oppurtunities.

 Squatting is also a social

problem involving a large
number of our people who
are force to occupy the land
of others out of sheer
necessity.