Attitudes

Attitudes

 Attitudes are evaluative statements – either

favorable or unfavorable concerning objects,
people or events.
 They reflect how one feels about something.
- I like my job – My attitude towards my job.
Attitudes

- Learnt predisposition towards aspects of our

environment. They may be positively or
negatively directed towards certain people.
Attitudes

 Components of attitude
- Cognitive – evaluation
- Opinion or belief segment of attitude
- Affective - feeling or emotional segment of
the attitude
- Behavioral - Action segment – an intention to
behave in a certain way.
 Cognitive = Evaluation
My supervisor gave promotion to a coworker
Who deserved it less than me. My supervisor
is unfair

Affective = feeling
I dislike my supervisor
Negative attitude
Toward supervisor

Behavioral = action
I’m looking for other work; I've complained
About my supervisor to anyone who would
Listen.
Attitudes

 In organizations attitudes are important

because of their behavioral component
 Attitudes that people hold determine what
they do.
Attitudes

 Major job related attiudes

These work-related attitudes tap positive or
negative evaluations that employees hold
about their work environment.
Attitudes

 Job Satisfaction
- Can be defined as a positive feeling about
one’s job resulting from the evaluation of its
characteristics.
- Person who is dissatisfied holds negative
feeling.
Attitudes

 What causes job satisfaction

- Work itself
Training,variety,independence satisfy most
employees.
Challenging and creative job.
Attitudes

 Pay & other benefits

There is a correlation between salary and
satisfaction. There is a limit.
Attitudes

 Supportive work condition

Attitudes

 Supportive colleagues
Attitudes

 Personality of an employee
Some people are predisposed to like almost
anything and others are unhappy even in the
seemingly greatest jobs.
 Attitudes

 Impact of job satisfaction or dissatisfaction on

the workplace
Attitudes

 Job satisfaction and Job performance

- Review of 300 studies suggested that the
correlation is strong.
- Happy workers are productive workers.
Attitudes

 Job satisfaction and Organization

citizenship behavior.
- Satisfied people are more likely to speak
positively about the organisation.
- Go beyond the normal expectations.
Attitudes

 Job satisfaction and customer satisfaction

Attitudes

 Job Satisfaction and absenteeism

Negative relationship exists.
Attitudes

 Job satisfaction and turnover

- Relation is stronger. But factors such as labor
market conditions, expectation about the
alternative job opportunities are the constraint
on the decision to leave the job.
Attitudes

 Job satisfaction and workplace deviance

- Dissatisfaction leads,unionised activities,
alcoholism,drugs,stealing,damaging company
properties,tardiness,negligence etc…
Attitudes
 Job involvement
- The second imp job related attitude is job
involvement.
- Degree to which people identify
psychologically with their job.
- Empowering the employees – employee
participation in management.
- +ve relationship between job satisfaction and
job involvement
Attitudes
 Organisational commitment
- A state in which an employee identifies with a
particular organization and its goals and
wishes to maintain membership in the
organization.
- Job involvement – organization commitment
Attitudes

1.Affective Commitment – an emotional

attachment to the organization and a belief in
its values.
Attitudes

2.Continuance Commitment – the perceived

economic value of remaining with an
organization compared leaving it.
Attitudes

3.Normative commitment
- An obligation to remain with the organization
for moral or ethical reasons.
Attitudes

 Changing employee attitudes

- Employees attitudes need to be changed,
particularly when they are unfavorable.
Attitudes

1.Give feedback and provide new information.

Attitudes

2.Accentuated positive working condition

Attitudes

3.Positive role model

Attitudes
4.Resolve discrepancies.
Attitudes
5.Use of fear
Attitudes

7. Co –opting approach
Attitudes
7.Influence of friends or peer group.
Values
Values
 Values
-Represents stable, long lasting belief.

- Basic convictions that a specific mode of

conduct is personally preferable or socially
preferable
Values
 Values reflect a person’s sense of right or
wrong or what ought to be.
 Broad preferences concerning appropriate
course of action or outcomes.

- “Equal rights for all”

Values

 Values tend to influence attitude.

Values
 Types of values
- Psychologist Milton Rokeach classified into
two
1.Terminal values
- Reflects a person’s preferences concerning
the “ends” to be achieved
-they are the goals that individuals would like
to achieve during their lifetime.
Values
 A comfortable life.
 True friendship
 Happiness & so on..
Values
2.Instrumental values
- represents the preferable modes of behavior;
means of achieving ones terminal values.
- Eg – Honest
intellectual
Courageous.
Values
 A recent value schema developed by Bruce
Maglino and associates aimed at people in
the workplace.
 Achievement – getting things done and
working hard to accomplish difficult things
Values

 Helping and concern for others – being

concerned with others and helping others.
Values
 Honesty – Telling the truth and doing what
you feel right.
Values
 Fairness – Being impartial and doing what is
fair for all concerned.
Values
Values and OB
 Values lay foundation for the understanding
of attitude and motivation.
 Values generally influence attitude and
behavior
Values
 Values differ across culture.
What is permissible in USA is not
appreciated in our country.