MAHARANI GIRLS

ENGINEERING COLLEGE
POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT

SUBMMITED TO
MR. SUNIL AGRAWAL

SUBMMITED BY
MS.
GARIMA GOUR

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
POWER TRIANGLE
DISADVANTAGE OF LOW POWER FACTOR
CAUSES OF LOW POWER FACTOR
POWER FACTOR IMPROVMENT METHODS
ADVANTAGES OF POWER FACTOR
IMPROVMENT

CONCLUSION

INTRODOCTION
The cosine of angle between voltage and

current in an ac circuit is known as power

factor .
Power

factor = (active power )/ (apparent

power)
Thus the power factor of a circuit may also
be defined as the ratio of active power to the
reactive power . This is a perfect general
definition .

POWER TRIANGLE

DISADVANTAGE OF LOW
POWER
FACTOR

Large KVA Rating of equipment

Greater conductor size
Large copper losses
poor voltage regulation
Reduced handling capacity

CAUSE OF LOW POWER FACTOR

Most of the motor are induction type which

have low lagging power factor . These motor

work at a power factor which is small at light
load (0.2 to 0.3) and rising to 0.8 or 0.9 at
full load .
The load on the power system is varying ;
being high during morning and evening and
low at other time During low load period ,
supply voltage is increased which increases
the magnetisation current . This result in
decreased power factor .

POWER FACTOR IMPROVMENT

METHODS

Static capacitor
Synchronous condenser
Phase advancer

Static Capacitor
Power factor can be improved by connecting the
capacitor in parallel with the equipment
operating at the lagging power factor . Capacitor
draws leading current and partially or completely
neutralise the lagging reactive component of
load current . This raises the power factor of load
Advantages :1) They have low losses.
2) They can be easily installed as they are
light

Synchronous
Condenser
An over excited synchronous motor running on no load is
known as synchronous condenser . When such machine
is connected in parallel, it take leading current which
neutralises the lagging current of load .
Advantages:1) The fault can be removed easily .
2)By varying the field excitation , the magnitude of
current drawn by the motor can be changed by any
amount .This help in achieving step less control of
motor.

Phase Advancer
Phase advancer is a simple AC exciter which is
connected on the main shaft of the motor and
operates with the motors rotor circuit for power
factor improvement. Phase advancer is used to
improve the power factor of induction motor in
industries.
Advantages:Lagging kVAR (Reactive component of Power or
reactive power) drawn by the motor is
sufficiently reduced because the exciting
ampere turns are supplied at slip frequency .

ADVANTAGES OF POWER
FACTOR IMPROVMENT
Improve system capacity.
Improve voltage regulation due to reduced

line voltage drop.

Reduce in size of equipment like transformer
, cable etc.
Improve energy efficiency .
Increase equipment life .

CONCLUSION
By observing all aspect of the power factor it

is clear that power factor is the most

significant part for the utility of the company
as well as for the consumer.
By installing suitable sized power capacitors
into the circuit the power factor is improved
and value becomes nearer to 1 .Thus
minimizing the line losses and improving the
efficiency of the plant.

Thank you

QUERY