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EXTERNAL CONTROL OF
INVERTER
Switching Sequence:
561 (V1) 612 (V2) 123 (V3) 234 (V4) 345 (V5) 456 (V6) 561 (V1)
where, 561 means that S5, S6 and S1 are switched on
Fig. 3 Six inverter voltage vectors for six-step voltage source inverter.
Line to line voltages (Vab, Vbc, Vca) and line to neutral voltages (Van, Vbn, Vcn)
Line to line voltages
Vab = VaN - VbN
Vbc = VbN - VcN
Vca = VcN - VaN
Phase voltages
Van = 2/3VaN - 1/3VbN - 1/3VcN
Vbn = -1/3VaN + 2/3VbN - 1/3VcN
Vcn = -1/3VaN - 1/3VbN + 2/3VcN
Fig. 4 Waveforms of line to neutral (phase) voltages and line to line voltages
for six-step voltage source inverter.
(Vab )1 (rms)
3 4 Vdc
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Vdc 0.78Vdc
(Vab )h (rms)
0.78
Vdc
h
where, h 6n 1 (n 1, 2, 3,.....)
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Three-phase inverter
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Frequency of vtri = fs
V B0
Frequency of vcontrol = f1
where, fs = PWM frequency
VAB
V C0
f1 = Fundamental frequency
V BC
V CA
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peak
amplitude of vtri
value of
Vdc / 2
(V A0 )1
VA0
fs
, where, f s PWM frequency
f1
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Advantages
Excellent dynamic response
Drawbacks
Large current ripple in steady-state
Variation of switching frequency
No intercommunication between each hysterisis controller of three phases
and hence no strategy to generate zero-voltage vectors.
As a result, the switching frequency increases at lower modulation index and
the signal will leave the hysteresis band whenever the zero vector is turned on.
The modulation process generates subharmonic components
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frame which represents the spatial vector sum of the three-phase voltage
The vectors
(V1 to V6) divide the plane into six sectors (each sector: 60 degrees
Vref is generated by two adjacent non-zero vectors and two zero vectors
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an
1
2
2
2
Vbn
3
3
3
Vcn
0
2
2
Van
Vd
Vq
V ref Vd Vq
1
tan (
Vq
Vd
) s t 2s t
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V
0
T1
ref
V1dt
0
T1 T2
Tz
V dt V
2
T1 T2
T1
Tz V ref (T1 V1 T2 V 2 )
cos ( )
1
cos ( / 3)
2
2
Tz V ref
T1 Vdc T2 Vdc
3
3
sin ( )
0
sin ( / 3)
(where, 0 60)
sin ( / 3 )
sin ( / 3)
sin ( )
T2 Tz a
sin ( / 3)
T1 Tz a
T0 Tz (T1 T2 ), where,
1
Tz
fs
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and
V ref
2
Vdc
3
3 Tz V ref
n 1
sin
Vdc
3
3
3 Tz V ref
n
sin
Vdc
3
3 Tz V ref
n
n
T2
3 Tz V ref
n 1
sin
Vdc
3
3 Tz V ref
n 1
n 1
sin cos
cos sin
Vdc
3
3
0 60
T0 Tz T1 T2 ,
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Step 3. Determine the switching time of each transistor (S1 to S6) (1)
(a) Sector 1.
(b) Sector 2.
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Step 3. Determine the switching time of each transistor (S1 to S6) (2)
(c) Sector 3.
(d) Sector 4.
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Step 3. Determine the switching time of each transistor (S1 to S6) (3)
(e) Sector 5.
(f) Sector 6.
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Step 3. Determine the switching time of each transistor (S1 to S6) (4)
Table 1. Switching Time Table at Each Sector
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TECHNIQUE
LINE
VOLTAGE(V)
TOTAL
FILTERED
TOTAL
HARMONIC
LINE
HARMONIC
DISTORTION(T.H.D.)
SPWM
SVPWM
338.2
369.4
VOLTAGE(V)
69.19%
330.4
59.19%
367.2
DISTORTION(T.H.D.)
9.08%
3.64%
REFERENCES
Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives, by Bimal K. Bose. Prentice Hall
Publishers, 2001
B. Hariram and N. S. Marimuthu. 2005. Space vector switching patterns for
different applications- A comparative analysis. Proceedings of IEEE conference.
Power Electronics by Dr. P.S. Bimbhra. Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 2003. 3rd
Edition
A Power Electronics Handbook by M.H. Rashid. Academic Press 2001
K. Vinoth Kumar, Prawin Angel Michael, Joseph P. John and Dr. S. Suresh Kumar,
2010.Simulation and comparison of spwm and svpwm control for three phase
inverter. Proceedings of ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
www.nptel.iitm.ac.in
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