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Chapter 2
An Example Problem !!
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Streamlines
The Geometry
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3.0
Inlet height
0.5
Transition length
1.0
Outlet height
1.0
Outlet length
4.0
Properties - Conditions
Use PSI system of units
Property type is AIR-IN
Density will be 1.1214E-7 (lbf-s2/in4)
Viscosity will be 2.6240E-9 (lbf-s/in2)
Conditions
Reference Pressure 14.7 psi
Outlet Pressure 0 psi (relative pressure)
Default Temperature used : 293K
Flow
Velocity of 10 inch/sec -> RE ~ 424 (laminar)
Note in 2D the hydraulic diameter (used in the Reynolds
Number) is twice the inlet height
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Set Preferences
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2 - Choose
1- Add
4 - Close
3 - OK
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First
X1=0,X2=3
Y1=0,Y2=0.5
Click Apply
Second
X1=4,X2=8
Y1=0,Y2=1
Click OK
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Geometry is Finished!!
Line Plot
Area Plot
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Boundary Conditions
Use Solid Model Boundary Conditions
Do not require require re-application upon re-meshing
Preprocessor>Loads>Apply>Velocity> Lines
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Walls
Inlet:
VX=10,VY=0
Walls
Outlet
PRES = 0
4 - Input Values,
Do Endpoints of linesOK
1-Lines
3-OK
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Remaining Boundaries.
Note that leaving a blank DOES NOT result in a zero
condition being applied..
Inlet
Outlet
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NDIV
Ratio
Transverse direction
12
-3
16
-2
10
18
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Mesh Tool
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3 - OK
Use FLIP
if Line Bias
is reversed
2 - Choose Lines
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Inlet Lines
Transition
Outlet Lines
(Flipped!)
Meshing Step
Use the Mesh Tool
1: Choose Areas
2: Mapped
3: Quad
4: Mesh
PICKER comes up
Pick All
(Meshing Occurs)
5: Close Meshtool
3
2
4
5
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FLOTRAN Setup
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Execution Control
Choose 50 Global
Iterations to Start with
We are not relying on the
automatic termination
criterion based on
problem convergence
OK!
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Fluid Properties
Choose AIR-IN for the
property type for
Density and Viscosity
using scroll down
menu.
OK
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Flow Environment
Pressure: 14.7Psi
Nominal Temperature: 70F
Offset Temperature: 460R
OK!
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FLOTRAN Execution
Done in SOLUTION:
Run FLOTRAN
Convergence monitors
indicate the normalized rate
of change of the solution
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Convergence Monitors
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Post-Processing
FLOTRAN Post-Processing is fairly typical of ANSYS
Explicity read in a set of results (not automatically loaded)
Velocity Vectors
Path Plots
Particle Traces
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Velocity Vectors
Plot Results>Predefined Vector Plot..OK
(Use this for Nodal
Solution Plots.)
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Vectors - Typical
50 Global Iterations
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Choose DOF
OK
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Results
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Changing Advection
FLOTRAN Setup > Advection
OK!
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Results
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We should expect a less diffusive solution, and so the recirculation region may be better defined.
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Path Plots
Look at the profile of VX along the outlet
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Path plot
Pick the corner nodes
OK
OK
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Choose DOF, OK
And Then...
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Some Discussion
Modify the line colors as needed with the Utility Menu
PlotCtrls>Style>Colors>Graphs
Result
Fully developed flow would show the outlet velocity profile as a
perfect parabola
Therefore, the problem domain could be lengthened to provide
room for more flow development
Check the Mass Balance
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Particle traces are based on the velocity field, not the stream
function.
Trace Points
The points defined on the Working Plane
Ensure, for 3D models, that the WP is correctly located!
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Particle Trace
Color Code According to PRES (or something else!)
OK
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Particle Trace
The maximum number of loops is exceeded in the
recirculation region. Close the box
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New Analysis
Increase the velocity from 10 to 200 (no other changes)
This makes the Reynolds Number ~8500
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SOLVE
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Convergence Monitors
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Discussion
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V12
V22
P1
gh1 P2
gh 2 Punrec
2g c
2g c
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New Geometry
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The Mesh
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Execute
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Convergence Monitors
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Results
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Note that the pressure drop, once the flow has recovered, is
very small.
Recirculation Region
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Benefits of Extension
The lines are superimposed onto the new velocity vector plot.
It is clear that the flow is continuing to develop past the
original boundary of the problem.
Old Outlet
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End of
Problem!
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