Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Management according to
Henry Fayol
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Resources(Organizational)
(People, processes ,equipment)
Controlling
Management functions
Planning
Bridging/filling the gap between current and desired state.
Organizing
Resource allocation
Leading
Directing and initiating the
planning/implementation
Management
functions(continued)
Monitoring
Supervising the rest of the functions and checking wether it is giving
the desired results, If not, then re-correcting the planning, organizing
and leading functions..
Theories of Management
Scientific Management Theory
General Administrative theories
Quantitative theories
Organizational behaviour theory
System theory
Contingency theory
Scientific Management
theory
Frederick Taylor(father of scientific management)
(A mechanical engineer in Pennsylvania)
developed four principles: (Based on first-line
managers)
1-Develop a separate technique for an individual
worker which will replace the old one.
2-Select the right person for the right job and then
train.
3-Encourage and promote co-ordination among
workers.
4-Divide work and responsibility equally among
managers and workers.
General Administrative
theories
(Based on general/ overall management)
(Henry fayol + Max webers theories)
Henry Fayol(MD at a French coal-mining firm)
MaxWeber( A german sociologist who proposed the idea of an ideal
organization called beauracratic organization.
Webers beauractic
organization
Beauracracy
A form of organization characterized by division of
labor, a clearly defined hierarchy,detailed rules and
regulations and impersonal relationships.
1. A formal hierarchical structure
Each level controls the level below and is controlled by the level above. A formal hierarchy is the basis of central planning and centralized
decision making.
2. Management by rules
Controlling by rules allows decisions made at high levels to be executed consistently by all lower levels.
3. Organization by functional specialty
Work is to be done by specialists, and people are organized into units based on the type of work they do or skills they have.
4. An "up-focused" or "in-focused" mission
If the mission is described as "up-focused," then the organization's purpose is to serve the stockholders, the board, or whatever agency
empowered it. If the mission is to serve the organization itself, and those within it, e.g., to produce high profits, to gain market share, or to
produce a cash stream, then the mission is described as "in-focused."
5. Purposely impersonal
The idea is to treat all employees equally and customers equally, and not be influenced by individual differences.
6. Employment based on technical qualifications
(There may also be protection from arbitrary dismissal.)
Quantitative approach
Use of statistical tools
Linear programming
Simulations
Organizational behavior
theory
Hawthrone studies
System approach
Role of organization in a system.
System: Interrelated and inter dependant components
working for a common goal.
Contingency approach
Management should be studied , based on various
dependencies(contingencies) Basic contingencies are:
Globalization
Ethics
Workforce diversity
Entrepreneurship
Thanks
Questions?