G-LII 101 GPRS Principle-20080325-A-2.0

OMQ000001 GPRS
Principle
ISSUE 2.0
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.
GPRS principle is the basic part of the whole GPRS

system and the succeeding products learning. This slide
will help us to understand the GPRS system networking
and wireless subsystem etc.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 2
References
GPRS principle
31025698 - M900/M1800 PCU

Technical Manual-(V3.35)
GPRS protocol
0360
0464
GSM protocol
0816
0818
Huawei Confidential
Page 3
Upon completion of this

course, you will be able to:
Know the GPRS system structure
Describe the GPRS important
interfaces
Understand the GPRS channel
structures
Master the GPRS relevant numbering
Huawei Confidential
Page 4
Chapter 1 GPRS System Structure

Chapter 2 GPRS Network Interfaces & Protocols
Chapter 3 GPRS Wireless Subsystem
Chapter 4 GPRS Numbering
Chapter 5 GPRS Mobility Management (GMM)
Huawei Confidential
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GSM Development Evolution
3G
2.5G
2G
115 kbps
57.6 kbps
9.6 kbps
2Mbps
384kbps
IMT-2000
EDGE
GPRS
HSCSD
GSM
Huawei Confidential
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What is GPRS and EDGE?
Abbreviation of General Packet Radio Service.
GPRS is an end-to-end packet switching technology

provided on the basis of GSM technology.
It has much interactive services with the existing GSM

circuit switching system.
GPRS supports wireless access rate of up to 171.2Kbps.
EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution)

EGPRS (Enhanced GPRS)
EGPRS supports wireless access rate of up to 473.6Kbps.
ECSD (Enhanced CSD, Enhanced HSCSD-High Speed Circuit Switched

Data)
Huawei Confidential
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GPRS system structure

SMS-GMSC
SMS-IWMSC
SM-SC
HLR
MSC/VLR
EIR
SS7
Gs
Gd
Gr
Gf
Gn
Gb
MS
BSS
Um
GGSN
ATM/
DDN/
ISDN/
Ethernet, etc
Gb
BSS
Gi
SGSN
FR
Gn
MS
Gc
FR
Um
SGSN
TE
X .25
TE
Gi
GGSN
GPRS
backbone
BG
CG
Gp
Other PLMN
Internet
Huawei Confidential
Page 8
GPRS MS
Class A
The MS is attached to both GPRS and other GSM services
and the MS supports simultaneous operation of GPRS and
other GSM services.
Class B
The MS is attached on GPRS network and GSM network
simultaneously but not enabling circuit switching and packet
switching services at the same time.
services are selected automatically.
Class C
The MS is attached to either GPRS or other GSM services.
Alternate use only.
services are selected manually or default selected service.
Huawei Confidential
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Functions of GPRS BSS
Packet wireless resources management

function (RLC/MAC protocol function)
System message broadcast
Packet paging processing
Wireless channel configuration
Wireless resources allocation
Wireless link monitoring
Power control
Channel coding/decoding control
Cell rerouting control
Uplink traffic control (wireless QoS guarantee)
Huawei Confidential
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Functions of GPRS BSS
Gb interface processing function

Data packet relay on wireless interface and Gb interface
Mobility management (cell updating procedure)
Downlink traffic control (wireless QoS guarantee)
Huawei Confidential
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Packet processing functions of BTS

RF processing function
Function of physical layer of wireless interface
Channel coding/decoding and adjustment

Packet logic channel mapping
time advance value self-adaptive adjustment
Uplink measurement
Downlink power control execution
G-Abis interface processing function
Transmission of RLC/MAC control block and data block

Synchronization mechanism with TDMA block of PCU
Uplink measurement report
Transmission check
Other inner-band signaling functions
Huawei Confidential
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Packet processing functions of BSC
Packet wireless resource management function

Packet channel configuration
TBF establishment procedure when PBCCH is not configured in
the cell
Circuit paging coordination

G-Ais interface physical layer switching
Pb interface switching function

Similar to the relative functions of PCU
Huawei Confidential
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Functions of PCU
Packet wireless resource management function (RLC/MAC protocol function)
Wireless resource management functions of GPRS BSS

Circuit paging coordination
Function related with GPRS BTS
Huawei Confidential
Page 14
Functions of PCU
Pb interface processing function
LAPD link between BSC and PCU

Layer-3 signaling between BSC and PCU
Gb interface processing function
Data packet relay on wireless interface and Gb interface

Mobility management (cell updating procedure)
Downlink traffic control (wireless QoS guarantee)
Huawei Confidential
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Position of PCU
Um
CCU
BSC
BTS
GSN
Gb
A
PCU
CCU
Abis
CCU
BTS
PCU
CCU
CCU
BTS
GSN
BSC
Gb
GSN
BSC
PCU
CCU
Gb
CCU=Channel Codec Unit

PCU= Packet Control Unit
Huawei Confidential
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Position of Huawei PCU
CCU
BSC
BTS
CCU
SGSN
PCU
CCU
BTS
Gb
BSC
Pb
CCU
Abis
Um
Huawei Confidential
Page 17
GSM(BSS side) upgrade to GPRS
Upgrade BTS software
Upgrade BSC software
Huawei Confidential
Add PCU
Page 18
GPRS(BSS side) upgrade to EDGE
EDGE
TRX
Upgrade BTS software and

hardware - new EDGE TRX
Upgrade BSC software
Huawei Confidential
Upgrade PCU software
Page 19
Functions of SGSN
Network access control (MS side)

Authentication
Billing information collection
IMEI check
Logic link management

SGSN-MS logic link management
Supporting acknowledged/unacknowledged
transmission
Route management
SGSN-BSS data transmission route management
Mobility management and session management
Huawei Confidential
Page 20
Functions of SGSN
Route and tunnel transmission

Compression and decompression
Encryption and decryption
Storage and transfer of subscriber data
Routing: executed with PDP context
Address translation and mapping: including DNS and
GGSN address induced from APN
Encapsulation and tunnel transmission
Huawei Confidential
Page 21
Functions of GGSN
Network access control (external PDN side)

Message filtering
Billing information collection
Mobility management and session

management
Routing and transfer

Storage and transfer
Routing
Address translation and mapping
Encapsulation and tunnel transmission
Dynamic allocation of IP addresses
Huawei Confidential
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Functions of CG
Real-time collection of GPRS bills
Temporary storage and buffering of GPRS bills
Pre-processing of GPRS bills
Sending GPRS bills to the billing center
Huawei Confidential
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Functions of BG
BG enables the following protocols necessary for

interworking between operators
Security protocol: IPSec and firewall are recommended
Routing protocol: BGP is recommended
Billing protocol: determined by the operators with negotiation;
BG might be needed in collecting billing information
It is normally based on routers
It can be configured in combination with GGSN
Huawei Confidential
Page 24
Functions of MSC/VLR
When Gs interface is installed, MSC/VLR can support
Establishment and maintenance of the association between SGSN and MSC/VLR.
GPRS combined mobility management procedure.
Combined IMSI/GPRS attachment/detachment.

Combined location area/routing area updating.
Circuit paging coordination function.
The wireless resource usage can be greatly improved.
Huawei Confidential
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Functions of HLR/AUC
Saving and updating GPRS subscriber subscription data
User authentication
Providing location/routing information and processing

needed in mobility management and routing, for
example:
Saving and updating user service SGSN number and address
GPRS user location deletion indication
Whether MS is reachable.
Subscriber tracing (optional)
Huawei Confidential
Page 26
Functions of SMS-GMSC/SMS-IWMSC
After Gd interface is installed, short messages can be sent via GPRS, which reduces the
occupation on SDCCH and cuts down the influence on voice services by SMS services.
The operator can select to send SMS via MSC or SGSN.
Huawei Confidential
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Huawei Confidential
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Network interface types
SGSN
SGSN
GPRS
backbone network
GGSN
GGSN
Gn
IP interface
Gi
SGSN
SGSN
PDP network
(IP/X.25)
SS7 interface
Gc
Gd
Gb
Gr
MT
TE
Gs
Um
BSS
MSC
HLR
MS
Huawei Confidential
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SMSGMSC
Data transmission plane

Application
IP/X.25
IP/X.25
relay
SNDCP
LLC
RLC
UDP/TCP
UDP/TCP
IP
IP
L2
L2
Physical
Layer
Physical
Layer
MAC
MAC
Network
Service
Physical
Layer
Physical
Layer
Physical
Layer
Physical
Layer
MS
relay
LLC
BSSGP
Service
Network
RLC
Um
BSSGP
BSS
MAC: Media Access Control

RLC: Radio Link Control
LLC: Logical Link Control
Gb
GTP
GTP
SNDCP
SGSN
IP/X.25
Gn
L2 (MAC)
Physical
Layer
GGSN
BSSGP: BSS GPRS Protocol
SNDCP: Sub-Network Dependency Convergence Protocol
GTP: GPRS Tunneling Protocol
Huawei Confidential
Page 30
Gi
MS-SGSN signaling plane
GMM/SM
GMM/SM
LLC
LLC
relay
Relay
RLC
RLC
BSSGP
BSSGP
MAC
MAC
Network
Service
Network
Service
GSM RF
GSM RF
L1bis
L1bis
MS
Um
BSS
GMM: GPRS Mobility Management
SM: Session Management
Huawei Confidential
Gb
Page 31
SGSN
Functions of physical layer
Physical layer consists of RF sub-layer and physical

link sub-layer
RF sub-layer
modulation and demodulation.
Physical sub-layer
error check, interleaving.
Radio channel measurement, including receiving signal level and
quality measurement, TA measurement, physical link layer

congestion measurement.
Radio management function, including cell selection and
reselection procedures, power control procedure of transmitter,

battery power management procedure, such as DRX.
Huawei Confidential
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Functions of RLC/MAC
RLC/MAC layer service

The RLC/MAC function supports two modes of operation
Unacknowledged operation
Acknowledged operation
RLC/MAC layer functions

The RLC function defines the procedures for segmentation and
reassemble of LLCPDUs into RLC/MAC blocks and, in RLC
acknowledged mode of operation, for the Backward Error Correction
(BEC) procedures enabling the selective retransmission of
unsuccessfully delivered RLC/MAC blocks.
The MAC function defines the procedures that enable multiple mobile stations
to share a common transmission medium, which may consist of several
physical channels. The function may allow a mobile station to use several
physical channels in parallel, i.e. use several timeslots within the TDMA frame.
Huawei Confidential
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NS layer definition
The Network Service performs the transport of NS
SDUs(Service Data Unit ) between the SGSN and BSS.

The Network Service entity is composed of the Sub-
Network Service and the Network Service Control.
Network Service
Network Service Control /
Network Service Control Protocol
Sub-Network Service /
Sub-Network Service Protocol
Huawei Confidential
Page 34
NS layer composition
The Network Service Control
the peer-to-peer communication between remote NS user entities
is performed over BSSGP Virtual Connections (BVCs).
A BVC is a virtual communication path between Network Service
user peer entities.
The Sub-Network Service

The Network Service Control peer entities use the Sub-Network
Service for communication with each other.
The peer-to-peer communication across the Gb interface between
remote Network Service Control entities is performed over
Network Service Virtual Connections (NS-VCs).
An NS-VC is a virtual communication path between Network
Service Control peer entities.
Huawei Confidential
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Functions of NS
NS is responsible for
NS SDU transmission
The NS SDUs shall be transmitted on the NS-VCs. The NS SDUs are
encapsulated into Network Service Control PDUs which in turn are
encapsulated into Sub-Network Service PDUs.
Load sharing
The load sharing function distributes the NS SDU traffic amongst
the available (i.e. unblocked) NS-VCs.
NS-VC management
A blocking procedure is used when an NS-VC becomes unavailable
for NS user traffic.
An unblocking procedure is used for the reverse operation.
Network congestion indication
Congestion reporting mechanisms available in the Sub-Network
Service implementation shall be used by the Network Service to
report congestion.
Huawei Confidential
Page 36
Functions of BSSGP
The primary function of BSSGP is to provide the

radio-related, QoS, and routeing information that
is required to transmit user data between a BSS
and an SGSN.
In the BSS, it acts as an interface between LLC frames and
RLC/MAC blocks.
In the SGSN, it forms an interface between RLC/MAC-derived
information and LLC frames.
A secondary function is to enable two physically

distinct nodes, the SGSN and BSS, to operate
node management control functions.
Huawei Confidential
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Functions of LLC
Logical Link Control (LLC): This layer provides a

highly reliable ciphered logical link between an
MS and its SGSN.
LLC includes functions for
the provision of one or more logical link connections
discriminated between by means of a DLCI.
sequence control, to maintain the sequential order of frames
across a logical link connection.
detection of transmission, format and operational errors on a
logical link connection.
recovery from detected transmission, format, and operational
errors.
notification of unrecoverable errors.
flow control.
ciphering.
Huawei Confidential
Page 38
SGSN MSC/VLR signaling plane
BSSAP+
BSSAP+
SCCP
SCCP
MTP3
MTP3
MTP2
MTP2
L1
L1
SGSN
Gs
MSC/VLR
Gs interface is the optional interface.
It adopts BSSAP+ protocol to enable combined mobility management and

paging functions so as to improve the effective usage of wireless
resources.
Huawei Confidential
Page 39
Network operation mode (Paging coordination)

Paging co-ordination means that the network sends paging messages
for circuit-switched services on the same channel as used for packetswitched services, i.e., on the GPRS paging channel or on the GPRS
traffic channel, and the MS needs only to monitor that channel.
Circuit Paging
Channel
GPRS Paging
Channel
Paging co-ordination
Packet Paging Channel
CCCH Paging Channel
CCCH Paging Channel
Packet Data Channel
Not Applicable
Yes (Gs interface is

present, all MSCoriginated paging of
GPRS-attached MSs shall
go via the SGSN)
CCCH Paging Channel
CCCH Paging Channel
CCCH Paging Channel
CCCH Paging Channel
CCCH Paging Channel
Mode
Network Operation Mode

I

II
III
Huawei Confidential
No (Gs interface is not

present, all MSCoriginated paging of
GPRS-attached MSs shall
go via the A interface)
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Huawei Confidential
Page 41
Physical channel
The same as in GSM
The same frequency
The modulation mode
The same TDMA frame definition
The same burst pulse definition
Application
IP/X25
SNDCP
LLC
The differences between GPRS and
RLC
GSM
MAC
The Multi-frame structure
The channel coding
Physical
Layer
MS
Huawei Confidential
Page 42
RLC
Relay
BSSGP
Frame
relay
MAC
Physical
Layer
BSS
Physical
Layer
Packet logic channels

Packet Data CHannel (PDCH)
Packet control channel
Packet service channel
PBCCH
PCCCH
PDCCH
BCCH
PDTCH/U
TCH
PDTCH/D
PPCH
PRACH
PAGCH
PNCH
PACCH
PCH, RACH, AGCH
PTCCH/U
SACCH
The specific type of PDCH (except PRACH) is determined by

RLC/MAC head and RLC/MAC control message type.
Huawei Confidential
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PTCCH/D
Channel abbreviation
Packet Data Traffic CHannel Uplink - PDTCH/U

Packet Data Traffic CHannel Downlink - PDTCH/D
Packet Broadcast Control CHannel - PBCCH
Packet Common Control CHannel - PCCCH
Packet Dedicated Control Channel - PDCCH
Packet Paging CHannel - PPCH
Packet Random Access CHannel - PRACH
Packet Access Grant CHannel - PAGCH
Packet Notification CHannel - PNCH
Packet Associated Control CHannel - PACCH
Packet Timing advance Control CHannel Uplink PTCCH/U
Packet Timing advance Control CHannel Downlink PTCCH/D
Huawei Confidential
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PDTCH (Packet Data Traffic CHannel)
PDTCH transmits the user

data in the mode of packet
switching with a transmission
Packet service channel
rate of 0~22.8kbit/s.
All packet data traffic
PDTCH/U
channels are uni-directional.
Uplink (PDTCH/U) for a mobile

originated packet transfer.
Downlink (PDTCH/D) for a mobile

terminated packet transfer.
Huawei Confidential
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PDTCH/D
PBCCH (Packet Broadcast Control

CHannel)
The PBCCH broadcasts

parameters used by the MS to
access the network for packet
transmission operation.
The PBCCH also carries the
information transmitted via the
BCCH to allow circuit switching
operation.
Packet control channel
PBCCH
The MS in GPRS attached mode monitors

the PBCCH only, if PBCCH is available,
otherwise, the BCCH shall be used to
broadcast information for packet operation.
The existence of the PBCCH in the cell is
indicated on the BCCH via SI13.
Huawei Confidential
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PCCCH (Packet Common Control

CHannel)
PPCH
Downlink only, used to page MS.
PCCCH
PRACH
Uplink only, used to request allocation of

one or several PDTCH/Us or PDTCH/Ds.
PAGCH
Downlink only, used to allocate one or

several PDTCHs.
PNCH
PPCH
PRACH
Downlink only, used to notify MS of PTMM call.
If no PCCCH is allocated, the

information for packet
switching operation is
transmitted on the CCCH. If a
PCCCH is allocated, it may
transmit information for circuit
switching operation.
Huawei Confidential
Page 47
PAGCH
PNCH
PDCCH (Packet dedicated control

channels)
PACCH
Bi-directional, used to transmit the
PDCCH
packet signaling in data transmission.
PTCCH/U
Used to transmit random access bursts
to allow estimation of the timing
advance for one MS in packet transfer
PACCH
PTCCH/U
mode.
PTCCH/D
Used to transmit timing advance
updates for several MS. One PTCCH/D
is paired with several PTCCH/U's.
Huawei Confidential
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PTCCH/D
Combinations of packet logic channel
Mode 1: PBCCH+PCCCH+PDTCH+PACCH+PTCCH
Mode 2: PCCCH+PDTCH+PACCH+PTCCH
Mode 3: PDTCH+PACCH+PTCCH
Mode 4: PBCCH+PCCCH
(PCCCH=PPCH+PRACH+PAGCH+PNCH
Huawei Confidential
With the increase of traffic, the

packet public channel should be
configured in the cell. Channel
combination mode 1 and mode 2
should be adopted.
In case of small GPRS traffic, GPRS and

circuit services use the same BCCH and
CCCH in the cell. In this case, only
combination mode 3 is needed in the cell.
Page 49
Mapping of packet logic channel

PDCH 52 multi-frame mapping
X = Idle frame
T = Frame used for PTCCH
B0 ~ B11 = Radio blocks
A radio block is a 4-normal-burst sequence that carries a RLC/MAC PDU (Protocol Data
Unit).
The mapping of logical channels onto the radio blocks is defined by means of the ordered list
of blocks (B0, B6, B3, B9, B1, B7, B4, B10, B2, B8, B5, B11).
Huawei Confidential
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CCCH
FCCCH
CCCH
FCCCH
CCCH
Huawei Confidential
S A C C H /C 4 ( 0 )
S A C C H /C 4 ( 0 )
S A C C H /C 4 ( 0 )
S A C C H /C 4 ( 1 )
S A C C H /C 4 ( 1 )
S A C C H /C 4 ( 1 )
S A C C H /C 4 ( 1 )
ID L E
S A C C H /C 4 (2 )
S A C C H /C 4 (2 )
S A C C H /C 4 (3 )
S A C C H /C 4 (3 )
S A C C H /C 4 (3 )
S A C C H /C 4 (3 )
ID L E
FCCCH
FCCCH
S A C C H /C 4 (2 )
SCH
S D C C H 4 /(3 )
S D C C H 4 /(3 )
SCH
S D C C H 4 /(3 )
S D C C H 4 /(3 )
S A C C H /C 4 ( 0 )
S D C C H 4 /(3 )
S D C C H 4 /(3 )
SCH
S D C C H 4 /(3 )
S D C C H 4 /(3 )
S A C C H /C 4 (2 )
FCCCH
S D C C H $ /(2 )
S D C C H $ /(2 )
F ig u r e 8 b : T D M A f r a m e m a p p in g f o r F C C H + S C H + B C C H + C C C H + S D C C H /4 ( 0 ...3 ) + S A C C H /4 ( 0 ...3 )
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH+SDCCH/4+SACCH/4
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ID L E
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
SCH
FCCCH
S D C C H $ /(2 )
FCCCH
FCCCH
CCCH
S D C C H $ /(2 )
S D C C H 4 /(1 )
S D C C H 4 /(1 )
CCCH
S D C C H $ /(2 )
S D C C H 4 /(1 )
S D C C H 4 /(1 )
CCCH
S D C C H $ /(2 )
S D C C H 4 /(1 )
S D C C H 4 /(1 )
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
SCH
FCCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
SCH
FCCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
BCCH
BCCH
BCCH
SCH
S D C C H 4 /(1 )
S D C C H 4 /(1 )
SCH
BCCH
S D C C H $ /(2 )
S D C C H /4 (0 )
S D C C H /4 (0 )
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH
SCH
S D C C H /4 (0 )
S D C C H /4 (0 )
F ig u r e 8 a : T D M A f r a m e m a p p in g f o r F C C H + S C H + B C C H + C C C H
S D C C H $ /(2 )
S D C C H /4 (0 )
S D C C H /4 (0 )
SCH
CCCH
CCCH
S D C C H /4 (0 )
CCCH
CCCH
SCH
CCCH
CCCH
S D C C H /4 (0 )
CCCH
CCCH
FCCCH
FCCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
SCH
BCCH
BCCH
CCCH
BCCH
BCCH
SCH
BCCH
BCCH
CCCH
SCH
BCCH
SCH
BCCH
Multi-frame structure comparison bet. PS

52 multi-frame
mapping of Packet Switching logic channel
and
CS
DL
UL
PBCCH+PCCCH (BS_PBCCH_ BLKS=2 BS_PAG_BLKS _RES=3

BS_PRACH_BLKS=4)
51 multi-frame mapping of Circuit Switching logic channel
Packet wireless channel

configurations
Reason of adopting static PDCH

To enable that GPRS MS is constantly online in the cell.
To ensure certain QoS of GPRS services.
Reason of adopting dynamic PDCH

GPRS and GSM share wireless resources.
Wireless resources should be adopted in priority; on the
other hand, QoS of voice services should be ensured.
In a cell, the percentage of packet switching services and the
percentage of circuit switching services are constantly
changing.
Dynamic PDCH is not visible for voice services.
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Packet wireless channel

configurations
General principles
The cell should be configured with static PDCH to enable MS to be normally
attached on GPRS network as well as certain QoS of GPRS services.
Dynamic PDCH should be configured according to the GPRS traffic forecast,
which should be adjusted as TCH or PDCH usable in the operation process
according to the cell traffic status.
Circuit switching services can seize the channel used by GPRS services.
Huawei Confidential
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Allocation of wireless packet

resources
TS 0
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
TS 1
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
TS 2
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
MS1
MS2
MS3
Wireless resource allocation and wireless transmission adopt the wireless block (BLOCK) as
the basic unit.
Each PDCH can be used by several MSs; each MS can use multiple PDCHs at the same time.
Huawei Confidential
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Transmission principle of data packet on Um

interface
Subscriber IP packet
SNDCP PDU
LLC PDU
RLC/MAC block
Normal burst Normal burst Normal burst Normal burst
RLC/MAC head
LLC head
SNDCP head
Huawei Confidential
Physical layer
Subscriber data
Page 55
LLC FCS
RLC/MAC block structure (GPRS)

RLC/MAC data block
An RLC/MAC block containing an RLC data block may be encoded using

any of the available channel coding schemes CS-1, CS-2, CS-3, or CS-4.
RLC/MAC blocks encoded using CS-1 do not contain spare bits.
RLC/MAC block
MAC header
RLC data block

RLC header
RLC data unit
Spare bits
RLC/MAC control block
An RLC/MAC control blocks shall always be encoded using the coding scheme CS-1.
RLC/MAC block
MAC header

Huawei Confidential
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RLC/MAC block structure (EGPRS)

RLC/MAC data block
Dissimilar to GPRS
RLC/MAC block
RLC/MAC header
RLC data block 1
RLC data block 2

(conditional)

Similar to GPRS
RLC/MAC block
MAC header
Huawei Confidential
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PDCH coding mode

Kbps
60.00
59.2
54.4
50.00
GPRS
44.8
EGPRS
40.00
29.6
30.00
22.4
21.4
20.00
13.4
10.00
15.6
14.8
9.05
8.8
17.6
11.2
0.00
CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4 MCS-1MCS-2MCS-3MCS-4MCS-5MCS-6MCS-7MCS-8MCS-9
8PSK
GMSK
Huawei Confidential
Page 58
Huawei EDGE test result

Downlink, 4 TS, MCS-9
Huawei Confidential
Page 59
Medium access modes
Uplink resource allocation mode

Dynamic allocation : MS determines the blocks on each PDCH.
Fixed allocation : fixed bit mapping is adopted to determine the allocated
blocks in the allocation period.
Extended dynamic allocation : MS determines the blocks on multiple PDCH.
Either the Dynamic Allocation medium access mode or Fixed Allocation
medium access mode shall be supported by all mobile stations and all
networks that support GPRS. The support of Extended Dynamic Allocation
is optional for the network.
Downlink resource allocation mode

Dynamic allocation and fixed allocation.
The difference between the dynamic mode and the fixed mode lies on the
downlink measurement time scheduling reserved by MS.
Huawei Confidential
Page 60
MS multi-TS ability
Concept of MS multi-TS ability

Definition: the multi-TS ability level is 1-29; the bigger the level,
the stronger the multi-TS ability.
three elements(1<= Rx + Tx <= Sum):
Rx maximum receiving TS number (downlink TS)
Tx maximum transmission TS number (uplink TS)
Sum maximum total TS number
BSS allocates resources according to the MS multiTS ability, requested QoS and current resource
configuration.
Huawei Confidential
Page 61
Power control
Power control can improve the spectrum usage and system

capacity as well as reduce MS power consumption.
As there is no continuous bi-directional connection in the packet

data transmission process, GPRS power control is very complicated.
Uplink power control includes open-loop and close-loop power

control.
About downlink power control, there is no specific definition in

protocol. It lies on the BTS and its algorithm needs information
about downlink, so downlink power control needs MS sends channel
quality reports to BTS.
Huawei Confidential
Page 62
Network control modes
During the network controlled cell re-selection, the

network may request measurement reports from the
MS and control its cell re-selection. Hence, three types
of mode are defined as follows:
NC0: Normal MS controls. The MS shall perform autonomous
cell re-selection.
NC1: MS control with measurement reports. The MS shall
send measurement reports to the network. The MS shall
perform autonomous cell re-selection.
NC2: Network control. The MS shall send measurement
reports to the network. The MS shall not perform
autonomous cell re-selection.
The network subsystem must support NC0 and should

gradually support NC1 and NC2.
Huawei Confidential
Page 63

Huawei Confidential
Page 64
CGI
MCC
MNC
LAC
CI
Location Area Identification

Cell Global Identification
MCC (Mobile Country Code): It consists of 3 digits .
For example: The MCC of China is "460"
MNC (Mobile Network Code): It consists of 2 digits .
For example: The MNC of China Mobile is "00"
LAC (Location Area Code): It is a two bytes BCD code (hex).
The value 0000 and FFFF is invalid.
CI (Cell Identity): This code uses two bytes BCD code (hex) to identify the
radio cells within a LAI.

For example : 460-00-0011-0001
Huawei Confidential
Page 65
RAI
MCC
MNC
LAC
RAC
Location Area Identification

Routing Area Identification
Routing area is the sub-set of the location area. In special

cases, the two areas are equal
The division of the routing area is related with traffic

distribution and SGSN processing ability
Huawei Confidential
Page 66
BSIC
NCC
BCC
Base Station Identification Color Code
NCC(PLMN Network Color Code): It comprises 3 bits.
It allows various neighboring PLMNs to be distinguished.
BCC(BTS Color Code): It comprises 3 bits.
It allows distinctions between different radio frequency channels using the

same frequency in neighboring cells.
Huawei Confidential
Page 67

Huawei Confidential
Page 68
GMM concept
Routing area: subset of location area

Mobility management entities: SGSN, HLR and
MS
GMM context
MS identification/ MS location information (routing
area ID, cell ID)
Current service SGSN address, VLR number (MS only)
Encryption algorithm and authentication parameter
GMM status
GMM status
Idle: GMM context is not established; MS is not

reachable.
Standby: GMM context is established; MS can receive
paging but cannot implement data transmission.
Ready: MS can implement data transmission.
Huawei Confidential
Page 69
GMM status models

MM State Model of MS
MM State Model of SGSN

IDLE
IDLE
GPRS Attach
GPRS Detach
READY
READY timer expiry

or
Force to STANDBY
Implicit Detach
or
Cancel Location
PDU
transmission
READY
READY timer expiry

or
Force to STANDBY
or
Abnormal RLC condition
STANDBY
GPRS Detach
or
Cancel Location
GPRS Attach
STANDBY
Huawei Confidential
Page 70
PDU
reception
Major functions of GMM
General functions
GPRS attachment: MM context is established; MM status is changed to

ready.
GPRS detachment: MM context is deleted; MM status is changed to idle.
Originated by MS or network side.
Security function: authentication, encryption, identification check, etc.
Location management:
routing area updating
periodical routing area
cell updating
Specific functions at the network side
GMM context clearing in cooperation with HLR

Combined location updating and combined paging in cooperation with
MSC/VLR
Huawei Confidential
Page 71
Cooperation between GMM and MM
Objectives
To improve the effective usage of wireless resources
To reduce the network signaling traffic
Pre-condition
SGSN and MSC/VLR support Gs interface
Functions
Combined IMSI/GPRS attachment
Combined IMSI/GPRS detachment
Combined routing area/location area updating (including
periodical)
Huawei Confidential
Page 72
Summary
GPRS System Structure
GPRS Network Interfaces &

Protocols
GPRS Wireless Subsystem
GPRS Numbering
GPRS Mobility Management (GMM)
Huawei Confidential
Page 73
Huawei Confidential

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OMQ000001 GPRS

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

GPRS principle is the basic part of the whole GPRS

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

31025698 - M900/M1800 PCU

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Upon completion of this

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Chapter 1 GPRS System Structure

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GSM Development Evolution

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What is GPRS and EDGE?

Abbreviation of General Packet Radio Service.

GPRS is an end-to-end packet switching technology

It has much interactive services with the existing GSM

GPRS supports wireless access rate of up to 171.2Kbps.

EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution)

ECSD (Enhanced CSD, Enhanced HSCSD-High Speed Circuit Switched

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GPRS system structure

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Functions of GPRS BSS

Packet wireless resources management

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Functions of GPRS BSS

Gb interface processing function

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Packet processing functions of BTS

Channel coding/decoding and adjustment

Transmission of RLC/MAC control block and data block

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Packet processing functions of BSC

Packet wireless resource management function

G-Abis interface processing function

Pb interface switching function

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Wireless resource management functions of GPRS BSS

Function related with GPRS BTS

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LAPD link between BSC and PCU

Data packet relay on wireless interface and Gb interface

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CCU=Channel Codec Unit

Position of Huawei PCU

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GSM(BSS side) upgrade to GPRS

Upgrade BTS software

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Upgrade BSC software

GPRS(BSS side) upgrade to EDGE

Upgrade BTS software and

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Upgrade BSC software

Upgrade PCU software

Network access control (MS side)

Logic link management

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Route and tunnel transmission

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Network access control (external PDN side)

Mobility management and session