Science Module

8 Grade
th

TAKS Objective 3 The student will

demonstrate an understanding of the
structures and properties of matter.
Complex interactions occur between
matter and energy.

TEKS 8.10 (C)

The student knows that complex interactions
occur between matter and energy. The
student is expected to:
identify and demonstrate that loss or
gain of heat energy occurs during
exothermic and endothermic chemical
reactions.

Learning Objectives
1. identify endothermic and exothermic
reactions associated with chemical
changes
2. Explain the loss or gain of heat during
chemical reactions
3. Identify chemical and physical changes
associated with endothermic and
exothermic reactions

Background
Heat- transfer of energy

Exothermic- heat energy EXITS the system

- ex. Combustion, evaporation of water
- surroundings usually feel warmer

Salt
An example of an exothermic
reaction is the mixture of sodium
metal and chlorine gas which
yields table salt.
2Na(s) + Cl2(g) 2NaCl(s) + energy

Endothermic- heat energy ENTERS the system

- ex. Cold packs, melting ice
- surroundings usually feel cooler

How do cold packs work?

The outer pouch contains water. The inner pouch

contains ammonium-nitrate.
When you pop the inner pouch, the chemical
reaction absorbs heat energy from the
surroundings. This is an endothermic reaction.
The temperature of the solution falls to about 35 F
for 10 to 15 minutes.

Photosynthesis
During photosynthesis, plants absorb the
energy from the sun to convert carbon
dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
sunlight + 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(g)

Physical change- change in size, shape or

state of matter

Chemical Reaction - process in which one

or more substances are changed into
others. Chemical reactions are
accompanied by a loss or gain of energy.

True or False
Chemical reactions always produce heat

Chemical reactions can release or

absorb heat, but can also create
light, sound or electricity!

True or False
Heat can be lost, destroyed
or just disappear

Heat energy is transferred from one object

to another, or is transferred to another
form of energy, but never disappears.
Law of Conservation of Energy

True or False
Color change is always a physical property

Color is a physical property.

Color change can be the result
of a chemical change.

ENGAGE
Cold Packs
Rubber Bands
Glo-sticks

EXPLORE
Hot or Not
students explore endothermic and
exothermic chemical reactions using baking
soda and calcium chloride

EXPLAIN
1. List 3 physical properties of matter.
2. List 3 physical properties for:

Calcium chloride
Baking soda
Phenol red solution

3. Describe what happens with baking soda

and calcium chloride are mixed.
4. Describe what happens with baking
soda, calcium chloride and phenol red
are mixed.
5. What are evidences of chemical change?

6. Is this an endothermic or exothermic

reaction? How do you know?
7. Give three examples of exothermic
reactions in everyday life.

ELABORATE
Ice Ice Baby
Baking soda and vinegar
Is this endothermic or exothermic? How do
you know?
Give 3 examples of everyday endothermic
reactions.

 Ice Cream
Are the changes physical or chemical?
Is the ice cream endothermic or exothermic?
How do you know?
Is the ice/salt mix endothermic or exothermic?
How do you know?

EVALUATION
Complete Type of Change? Endo/Exo
chart
Complete graph analysis questions