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Contents
Introduction
Symbols
Circuit layout
Actuator control 2/2 Valve
Actuator control 3/2 Valve
Actuator control 5/2 Valve
Sequential control
Sequence solution
5/3 Valves
Poppet/spool logic
Balanced spool logic
Feedback
Introduction
A message to pneumatic
circuit designers:
Symbols
Symbols valves
2
10
12
1
2
10
12
3
2
10
12
3
Symbols valves
12
3
10
14
5
4
1 3
2
12
1 3
Symbols valves
2
12
10
3
Symbols valves
2
12
10
3
Symbols valves
14
12
5
1 3
Symbols valves
14
12
5
1 3
Lever
Push button
Pedal
Pull button
Treadle
Push/pull button
Rotary knob
Pressure
Spring normally
as a return
Pilot pressure
Roller
Differential pressure
Uni-direction
or one way trip
Detent in 3 positions
Non-return valve
Flow regulator unidirectional
Flow regulator bidirectional
Two pressure AND
Shuttle valve OR
Silencer
Pressure to electric
switch adjustable
* Note:
Traditional symbol in
extensive use (preferred)
*
ISO 1219-1
Old
Circuit layout
Component identification
a1
12
a0 3
2
1
10
2
10
12
a1
Example circuit
a0
a1
b0
b1
c0
c1
Sequence
Run/End
A+
B+
BC+
CARepeat
Run/End
a0
10 bar max
b1
a1
6 bar
b0
c1
c0
12
OUT
2
10
1
12
IN
1
10
2
12
OUT
2
1
10
12
IN
1
10
2
12
OUT
2
10
1
12
IN
1
10
2
12
OUT
2
10
1
12
IN
1
2
10
OUT
2
10
1
12
IN
1
10
2
2
10
12
OUT
1
10
12
IN
By repeated operation of
either button during
movement the piston rod
can be moved in small
steps for approximate
positioning
This will only be
successful under slow
speeds
2
10
12
OUT
1
10
12
IN
2
10
12
OUT
1
10
12
IN
2
10
12
3
12
3
2
1
10
2
10
12
3
2
10
12
3
2
10
12
3
2
10
12
3
2
10
12
3
14
1 3
12
14
1 3
12
Independent speed
control of the plus and
minus movements
In most applications
speed is controlled by
restricting air out of a
cylinder
Full power is developed
to drive the piston with
speed controlled by
restricting the back
pressure
14
1 3
12
Independent speed
control of the plus and
minus movements
In most applications
speed is controlled by
restricting air out of a
cylinder
Full power is developed
to drive the piston with
speed controlled by
restricting the back
pressure
14
1 3
12
12
1 3
14
Manual control
14
12
5
2
10
12
1 3
2
10
12
Manual control
14
12
5
12
2
1
1 3
2
10
12
10
Manual control
14
12
5
2
10
12
1 3
2
10
12
Manual control
14
12
5
2
10
12
1 3
12
10
Manual control
14
12
5
2
10
12
1 3
2
10
12
Semi-automatic control
a1
14
12
5
2
10
12
1 3
2
10
12
a1
Fully-automatic control
-
a0
a1
4
14
12
5
1 3
2
10
12
Run/End
3
12
a0 3
1
2
1
10
2
10
12
a1
Continuous automatic
cycling from roller
operated trip valves
Manual Run and End of
the automatic cycling
Cylinder will come to rest
in the instroked position
regardless of when the
valve is put to End
Tags for the roller
feedback valves a0 and
a1 show their relative
positions
Sequential control
a1
b0
b1
Run/End
A repeat pattern
sequence is one where
the order of the
movements in the first
half of the sequence is
repeated in the second
half
Each actuator may have
one Out and In stroke
only in the sequence
There may be any number
of actuators in the
sequence
a1
b0
b1
Run/End
b0
b1
a1
a0
a1
b0
b1
c0
Run/End
c0
c1
a1
a0
b1
b0
c1
a1
b0
b1
Run/End
a0
b0
a1
b1
Opposed signals
a0
a1
b0
b1
Run/End
a0
b0
a1
b1
When the valve is set to Run, cylinder A will not move because the
5/2 valve has an opposed signal, it is still being signalled to hold
position by the feedback valve b0
If A was able to move + a similar problem will occur for the 5/2 valve
of B once it was +
The sequence is A+ B+ B- A-
Mechanical solution
a0
a1
b0
b1
Run/End
a0
b0
a1
b1
Cascade (pneumatic)
Shift register (pneumatic)
Electro-pneumatic
PLC (Programmable
logic controller)
The A+ B+ B- A- circuit is
solved by the two group
cascade method
The sequence is divided at
the point where B
immediately returns
The two parts are
allocated groups l and ll
Gp l A+ B+ / Gp ll B- ATwo signal supplies are
provided from a 5/2 valve
one is available only in
group l the other is
available only in group ll
Select l
Group ll
4
2
12
1 3
Select ll
a1
b0
b1
b0
a1
Gp l
Gp ll
Sequence
Gp l A+ B+ Gp ll B- ARun/End
a0
b1
a1
b0
b1
b0
a1
Gp l
Gp ll
Sequence
Gp l A+ B+ Gp ll B- ARun/End
a0
b1
a1
b0
b1
b0
a1
Gp l
Gp ll
Sequence
Gp l A+ B+ Gp ll B- ARun/End
a0
b1
a1
b0
b1
b0
a1
Gp l
Gp ll
Sequence
Gp l A+ B+ Gp ll B- ARun/End
a0
b1
a1
b0
b1
b0
a1
Gp l
Gp ll
Sequence
Gp l A+ B+ Gp ll B- ARun/End
a0
b1
a1
b0
b1
b0
a1
Gp l
Gp ll
Sequence
Gp l A+ B+ Gp ll B- ARun/End
a0
b1
Gp l
4
14
2
10
12
Sel l
12
5
Run/End
Gp ll
1 3
Sel ll
Gp l
Run/End
Gp ll
Sel l
Sel ll
Gp lll
Sel lll
Send A+
a1 in x
a1 in y
A+ in
Group x
A+ in
Group y
a1
Cascade rules
5/3 Valve
The majority of
applications are actuator
positioning and safety
4
14
5 1 3
14
12
12
5 1 3
14
5 1 3
12
14
1 3
12
14
1 3
12
14
1 3
12
14
12
1 3
14
1 3
12
14
1 3
12
14
1 3
12
Logic AND
Z
2
10
12
2
10
12
Logic AND
Z
2
10
12
12
2
1
10
Logic AND
Z
2
10
12
2
10
12
Logic AND
Z
12
2
10
12
10
Logic AND
Z
12
12
10
2
1
10
Logic AND
Z
12
2
10
12
10
Logic AND
Z
2
10
12
2
10
12
Logic AND
Z
2
10
12
2
10
12
Logic OR
Use of an OR function
shuttle valve
Source X and Y can be
remote from each other
and remote from the
destination of Z
When X or Y is operated
the shuttle valve seal
moves across to prevent
the signal Z from being
lost through the exhaust
of the other valve
2
10
12
Y
2
10
12
Logic OR
Use of an OR function
shuttle valve
Source X and Y can be
remote from each other
and remote from the
destination of Z
When X or Y is operated
the shuttle valve seal
moves across to prevent
the signal Z from being
lost through the exhaust
of the other valve
2
10
12
Y
2
12
10
Logic OR
Use of an OR function
shuttle valve
Source X and Y can be
remote from each other
and remote from the
destination of Z
When X or Y is operated
the shuttle valve seal
moves across to prevent
the signal Z from being
lost through the exhaust
of the other valve
2
10
12
Y
2
10
12
Logic OR
Use of an OR function
shuttle valve
Source X and Y can be
remote from each other
and remote from the
destination of Z
When X or Y is operated
the shuttle valve seal
moves across to prevent
the signal Z from being
lost through the exhaust
of the other valve
12
Y
2
10
12
10
Logic OR
Use of an OR function
shuttle valve
Source X and Y can be
remote from each other
and remote from the
destination of Z
When X or Y is operated
the shuttle valve seal
moves across to prevent
the signal Z from being
lost through the exhaust
of the other valve
2
10
12
Y
2
10
12
Logic NOT
Z
2
10
12
Logic NOT
Z
2
12
10
Logic NOT
Z
2
10
12
Logic MEMORY
Z
X
12
10
1
Logic MEMORY
Z
X
12
10
3
Logic MEMORY
Z
12
10
3
2
10
12
Y
2
10
12
Logic MEMORY
Z
12
10
2
10
12
Y
2
12
10
Logic MEMORY
Z
12
10
2
10
12
Y
2
10
12
Logic MEMORY
Z
12
10
3
12
Y
2
10
12
2
1
10
Logic MEMORY
Z
12
10
3
2
10
12
Y
2
10
12
Z
Y
3
10
2
12
12
10
3
2
10
12
3
Z
Y
3
10
2
12
12
10
3
12
3
2
1
10
Z
Y
3
10
2
12
12
10
3
2
10
12
3
Z
1
12
3
2
10
12
10
3
2
10
12
3
Z
Y
3
10
2
12
12
10
3
2
10
12
3
NO / NC
Selection / Diversion
Latch
OR, AND, NOT
Single pulse maker
Slow pressure build
Pre-select
5/2 OR
Single pulse control
Air conservation
Double flow
Counting
3/2 NO / NC
2
10
12
3
2
10
12
3
3/2 NO / NC
12
3
12
3
10
2
1
10
2
10
12
12
1
10
2
12
12
10
10
Out
2
10
12
3
ON
2
10
12
3
1
2
10
OFF 12
3
OR
z
12
3
x
AND
y
z
12
3
y
z
12
3
2
10
1
x
NOT
2
10
2
10
1
Converts a prolonged
signal x into a single
pulse z
Signal z must be removed
to allow the valve to reset
then x can be applied
again
The duration of the pulse
can be adjusted with the
flow regulator
z
2
10
12
3
2
10
12
3
Pre-select
2
10
12
3
2
10
12
3
1
2
10
12
OUT/IN
pre-select
5/2 OR function
1 3
1 3
14
14
12
12
14
5
2
10
12
3
2
10
12
3
12
1
2
12
3
10
Air conservation
14
5
12
Air conservation
14
5
12
Double flow
14
12
5 1
Double flow
4
14
5 1
2
12
3
Counting
Counting application
a0
Start
a1
a0
a1
Feedback methods
Time delay
A signal is restricted to
slow the rate of pressure
build up on a pressure
switch (3/2 differential
pressure operated valve)
When the pressure switch
operates a strong unrestricted output is given
A reservoir provides
capacitance to allow less
fine and sensitive settings
on the flow regulator
making it easy to adjust
Output
2
12
3 1
Signal
in
10
Time delay
a1
4
14
2
12
1 3
2
12
3 1
2
12
10
3
2
10
12
a1
10
Pressure decay
a1
4
14
2
12
1 3
12
10
3
10
2
1
12
3
0.1bar
Electro-pneumatic
a1
2
12
14
a0
1 3
a1
End