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An Introduction
Pharmacology
The knowledge of :
History, source, physical and
chemical properties, compounding,
biochemical & physiological effects,
mechanism of actions, absorption,
distribution, biotransformation &
excretion,
therapeutic & other uses of drugs
(Benet,
1997)
Pharmacology :
The science of substances that
used to prevent, diagnose and
treatment diseases Medical
pharmacology
(Katzung, 1997)
Pharmacology :
The study of substances that interact
with living systems through chemical
processes, especially by binding the
regulatory molecules and activating or
inhibiting normal body process
(Katzung)
Pharmacognosy
Pharmacy :
The
scientific
study
preparing,
compounding
dispensing of drugs
about
and
Pharmacokinetics
The study of absorption, distributions,
biotransformation and excretion of drugs
What the body do to the drugs
Fate of the drug in the body
Involved in how the concentration of
drug in the body varies with time
Pharmacodynamics
The study of biochemical and
physiological effects of drugs and their
mechanism of action
What the drug do to the body
Clinical pharmacology
The scientific study of drugs
in man
(WHO, 1970)
Justified,
effect :
because
drugs
Development of
clinical Pharmacology
(related factors)
Information
several
explosions
in
2. Increase research
Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic,
clinical trial, individual variations in
drug response, other
3. Teaching
Medical
students,
physicians
hospital
staff,
4. Services
Drugs information, TDM, DUS, ADRM,
drug adviser in some institutions
Animal pharmacology :
the study
experimental
animal
of
drugs
in
Comparative pharmacology :
the study that compare
pharmacology of drugs in
animal
and man
drugs
reasonably
Pharmacotherapeutics
The study of the drugs use in the
prevention & treatment of
disease
Pharmacogenetic
s
Study the relationship
between
genetics
factors and variations in drug
response
(Brody, 1998)
Toxicology
The aspect of pharmacology
that
deals with the adverse effect of
drugs
(Benet, 1997)
The
study
of
effect,
antidotes and
detection of poison and
description of
effects of drugs overdose
(Brody, 1998)
Concerned with :
What is Drugs ?
Chemical agent that affects living
process
(Benet, 1997)
Essential drugs :
Drugs that meet the health needs of the
majority of the populations
Should be available in the appropriate
dosage forms and strengths at all times
Herbal medicine
Traditional medicine
Understrict supervision
NATURE OF DRUGS :
A. The Physical Nature of Drug
Solid, liquid, gaseous
B. Drug Size Molecular Weight
C. Drug Reactivity and Drug Receptor Bonds
Covalent - Electrostatic - Hydrophobic
D. Drug Shape (Rasemic)
E. Rational Drug Design (New drug)
F. Receptor nomenclature (decided by IUPHAR)
Effect of Drugs :
Analgesic
Bronchodilator
Antipyretic
Vasodilator
Antiinflammatory
Vasoconstrictor
Antibiotic
Diuretic
Anaesthetic
Depressant
Antiparasite
Stimulant
Antilipidemia
Coagulant
Antihypertensive
Antihistaminic
Antiarrhythmia
Insecticide
Antidotum
etc.
Drug Responses
Side Effects
Hyporeactive
Ototoxic
Hyperreactive
Blood Dyscrasia
Hypersensitive
Hepatotoxic
/Allergy
Nephrotoxic
Habituation
Cardiotoxic
Tolerance
Abdominal disc.
Tachyphylaxis
Neurotoxic
Addiction
Teratogenic
Carcinogenic