Elements, Compounds

and Mixtures

Matter is built up of:

What is an atom?
H
Hydrogen
atom

N
a
Sodium
atom

Cl
Chlorine
atom

Atom:

What is a molecule?
O

H
H

O
O
O

N
N

Molecule:

What is an ion?

What is an ion?

Ions

Matter
Matter
Pure
substances

Impure
substances
(Mixtures)

Pure Substances
Pure Substances
Elements

Compounds

CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
MATTER

IMPURE SUBSTANCE (MIXTURES)

PURE SUBSTANCE

ELEMENTS

COMPOUNDS

METALS
NON METALS
METALLOIDS
NOBLE
GASES

HOMOGENEOUS

ORGANIC
INORGANIC

HETEROGENEOUS

Elements
An elements is a pure substance which
cannot be broken down into simpler
substances by any physical or chemical
change.

Elements

Noble gas

Metals and non-metals

Vs.

Difference between metals and non metals

Properties
Lustre
Hardness
Malleability
Ductility
Conductors of heat
and electricity
Density
Sonorous
State

Metals

Non metals

Metalloids

Metalloids

Antimony

Bismuth

Noble gas
Helium
Neon
Argon

Krypton
Xenon
Radon

Compound

Compounds
Composed of two

or more elements
Properties are different

from constituent
elements
Can be broken down

into simple substance by

chemical means

Compounds

Examples of Compounds
Common salt
Methanol

Benzene
Washing soda
Caustic soda
Baking soda
Epsom salt

Elements and Compounds

Elements

Compounds

Contains one type of atom

Contains different types of atoms

Cannot be broken down into

simple substances by physical or
chemical means

Can be broken down into simple

substances by chemical means

Has characteristic physical and

chemical properties

Has characteristic physical and

chemical properties but different
from constituent elements.

Mixtures
Mixtures
Homogeneous
Mixture

Heterogeneous
Mixture

Homogeneous Mixtures

Hetrogenous Mixtures

Mixtures

Mixtures
Mixture of

Type

Example

Two soilids

1.

Homogeneous

Alloy

2.

Heterogeneous

Fe + S

1.

Homogeneous

NaCl in water

2.

Heterogeneous

Sand and water

1.

Homogeneous

Water + Alcohol

2.

Heterogeneous

Solid and liquid

Two liquid

Petrol + Kerosene

Comparison between
Compounds and Mixtures
Properties
Proportion
Nature
Particles
Original properties
Separation

Compounds

Mixtures

Solutions

Tyndall effect

Collodial solution

Types of colloidal solution

Common system

Dispersed
medium

Dispersed phase

Examples

Emulsion

Liquid

Liquid

Oil and water

Sol

Liquid

Solid

Ink, paints,
muddy water

Aerosol of solids

Gas

Solid

Smog, dust

Aerosol of liquid

Gas

Liquid

Liquid spray
Clouds

Gel

Solid

Liquid

Jellies
Butter
Cheese

Foam

Liquid

Gas

Shaving cream
foam

Tyndall effect

Brownian movement

Suspension

The characteristic of solutions

Properties

Nature
Appearance
Filterability

Visibility of particle
Settling of particles
Scattering of light

True solution

Colloidal solution

Suspension

Properties

True solution

Colloidal solution

Suspension

Nature

Homogenous

Heterogeneous

Heterogeneous

Appearance

Transparent

May be transparent Opaque

Filterability

Pass through ordinary

filter paper

Pass through
ordinary filter
paper

Cannot pass
through ordinary
filter paper

Visibility of
particle

Invisible

Invisible

Visible

Settling of
particles

Particles do not settle

Particles do not
settle

Particle settle on
standing

Scattering of light

Do no show tyndall
effect

Show tyndall effect

Tyndall effect may

be shown to some
extent

Separation of solids

Separation of
insoluble solids

Separation of two solids

Step1: Preparing

solution with water

Step2: Filtration
Step3: Evaporation
Example: Salt + sand

Separation of soluble
solids

Fractional crystallization
Step1: Adding mix to water and warming it
Step 2: Cooling of

saturated solution
Step 3: Filtering

Heating, cooling and

filtration of left out solution

Step 4:

Example: Potassium nitrate and Potassium chlorate

How will you separate

a mixture of solids in
which one sublimes on
heating?

Separation of soluble
soilds of which one
sublimes on heating

Sublimation
Step1: Plug one end of funnel
with cotton wool and place it
on an evaporating dish with
the mixture
Step2: Heat the soild
Step3: Collect sublimate
Example: NH4CL + NaCl

How will you separate

a mixture of solids in
which one is a
magnetic substance ?

Magnetic separation

Magnetic separation

Method

Physical property

Examples

Solvent
Extraction

Separation of
Insoluble
solid solids
NaCl + sand
insoluble
Soluble solid

Fractional Soluble solid

crystallizati
on

Potassium nitrate+
potassium chlorate

Sublimation One component

can sublime

Ammonium chloride+
Sodium chloride

Magnetic
separation

One component
Iron + Copper
should ne magnetic
in nature

How will you separate

a mixture of soild and
liquid?

Method 1:Evaporation
Solid non-volatile constituent from liquid
constituent
Step1: Heating in a sand or water bath
Example: Salt and water

Method 2: Distillation
Soluble solid constituent from liquid constituent

Method 2: Distillation
Soluble solid constituent from liquid constituent
Step1: Add impure water

to distillation flask
Step 2: Heat flask
Step 3: Collect condensate

Method 3: Sedimentation
Insoluble solid constituent from liquid constituent

Method 4: Filteration
Insoluble solid constituent from liquid constituent

How will you separate

a mixture of two
liquids?

Separation of two immiscible liquid

Separation of two miscible liquid

Fractional Distillation

Separation of two miscible liquid

Fractional Distillation

Mixture of liquids and

gas

Mixture of liquid and gas

Mixture of liquid and gas

Method of separation of two gases

Diffusion
Solubility
Liquification

Chromatography

Chromatography

Chromatography

Centrifugation