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FLUID

DYNAMICS

Fluid
dynamics
Fluid
dynamics
deals with fluid flow in motion.
deals with fluid flow in motion.
Hydrodynamics
Hydrodynamics
- deals with the dynamics of fluids, especially incompressible
- deals
with the dynamics of fluids, especially
fluids
in motion.

incompressible fluids in motion.

Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
- concerned with studying the motiom
- concerned with studying the motiom
of air.
of air.

Characteristics
Characteristicsof
offluid
fluidflow
flow
1.1. laminar
laminaror
orturbulent
turbulent

2. Fluid dynamics
Streamline
Streamline
- Smooth flow
- Smooth flow

Rough flow
Rough flow
- Stormy weather
- Stormy weather

3.2. Compressible
Compressibleor
orIncompressible
Incompressible
4.3. Viscous
Viscousor
orNon-viscous
Non-viscous
5.4. Rotatinal
or or
Irrotational
Rotational
Irrotational

Flow rate, R
Flow rate, R
Amount of efficient coming out from an orifice per
unit time.
Amount
of efficient coming out from an orifice per
Mass Flux =
Mass/Time
time.
Mass Flux =unit
Mass/Time
Kg/sec , Slug/sec , G/sec
Kg/sec , Slug/sec , G/sec

Volumetric Flux = volume/time


Volumetric Flux = volume/time
L/sec , mL/sec, cc/sec, Gal/sec
L/sec , mL/sec, cc/sec, Gal/sec

R=V
R =t V
t

= AL = Av
= AL = Av
t
t

If,

Rk

;R=
;R=
Av
Av

R Av
A

1
2

V1 = V2
R1 = R2

A1V1 = A2V2

V1 = V2
R1 = R2
A1V1 = A2V2

R
v

1
v

Equation of continuity
A = v
A = v

Equation of continuity

SAMPLE PROBLEMS :
SAMPLE PROBLEMS :
1. Figure shows how a stream of H2O emerging from a faucet necks
1. Figure shows how a stream of H2O emerging from a faucet necks
down as it falls. The cross-sectional area A0=1.2cm 2 2and that of
down as it falls. The cross-sectional area A0=1.2cm and that of
A=.35cm2.2The two levels are separated by a vertical distance
A=.35cm . The two levels are separated by a vertical distance
h=45mm. At what rate does water flow from the tap? How long a
h=45mm. At what rate does water flow from the tap? How long a
time in minutes will it take to fill a 4 gallons capacity level?
time in minutes will it take to fill a 4 gallons capacity level?
R?
R?
1 2
v
h dy V0 y 1gt 2
R

Av
v
h dy V0 y 2 gt
A0
R

Av
t
A0
2
t
h
A

R1 R2
R1 R2
A1V1 A2V2
A1V1 A2V2
AV2 .35cm 22 (V2 )
V1 AV2 .35cm (V2 2 )
V1 A0 1.2cm 2
A0
1.2cm
V1 .2917V2
V1 .2917V2

V 22 V0 2
2 gh
V2 V022 2 gh
V2
V1
2 2 gh
V2 2 V
1 2 gh
2
2
V2
2 gh
2 .2917V2 2
V22 .2917V2 2 2 gh
V2 2 (.2917V2 ) 2 2(9.81m / s )( 4.5 x10 3m
)
V2 (.22917V2 ) 2 2(9.81m / s )(4.5 x10 3 m)
.9149V2 2 .8829m 2/ s
.9149V2 .8829m / s
.8829m 2 2/ s
V2
.8829m / s
V2
.9149
.9149
V2 .9824m / s
V2 .9824m / s

R1 R2
R1 R2
R A2V2
R A2V2
R .35cm3 (398.24cm / s )
R .35cm (98.24cm / s )
R 34.384cm 3 /3 s
R 34.384cm / s
3.785 L 1000cc
4 galx 3.785 Lx 1000cc 15140cc
4 galx 1gal
x 1L
15140cc
1gal
1L
v
R v
R t
t
v
t v
t R
R
15140cc
t
15140cc
t 34.384cc / s
34.384cc / s
t 440.321s
t 440.321s
or
or
7.34 min
7.34 min

2. HO is pumped steadily out of a flooded basement at a speed


2. HO is pumped steadily out of a flooded basement at a speed
of 5.3 mps through a uniform hose of diameter 9.7mm. The
of 5.3 mps through a uniform hose of diameter 9.7mm. The
hose passes throughout the window 2.90m above the HO line.
hose passes throughout the window 2.90m above the HO line.
How much power is supplied by the pump?
How much power is supplied by the pump?
P?
P?
V 5.3m / s
W Fd Fh
V 5.3m / s
P

; FLIFT WLOAD
W Fd Fh
P

; FLIFT WLOAD
t
t
t
D 9.7 x10 3m
t
t
t
D 9.7 x10 3 m
mgh vgh
h 2.90m
P

mgh vgh ghR


h 2.90m
P

t
ghR
t
3
t
t
1000kg / m 3
1000kg / m
R Av
R Av
2
(9.7 x10 3 m
.3m / s )
3 ) (5
R (9.7 x10 m) 2 (5.3m / s )
R
4
43
3
m
4
3v
v

3
.
917
m
R 3.917 x10 4 m; v v 3.917 m3
R 3.917 x10 s t; t 1s
s t t 1s

P ghR
P ghR
1000kg
P 1000
(9.81m / s 2 )(2 2.9m)(3.917 x10 4 m4 3 /3s )
3 kg
P m 3 (9.81m / s )(2.9m)(3.917 x10 m / s )
m
kg.m m
P 11.143 kg
m
.m
P 11.143s 2 2 s
s
s
kg.m
N .m J
kg.m N .m J
s 2 2 s 2 2 s
s
s
s
P 11.143watts
P 11.143watts

BERNOULLIS PRINCIPLE
BERNOULLIS PRINCIPLE
Daniel Bernoulli (Swiss)
Daniel Bernoulli (Swiss)

F2=P2V2
F2=P2V2
h=h2h=h2h1
h1
F1=P1V1
F1=P1V1

F
P F
P A
A

P1 P2
P1 P2
F PA
F PA
F1 F2
F1 F2
V1 V2
V1 V2
m1 m 2
m1 m 2
m V
m V

W = W W
W = W W
KE = KE KE
KE = KE KE
PE= PE PE
PE= PE PE

KE = mV = VV
KE = mV = VV
PE = mgh = Vgh
PE = mgh = Vgh

W = Fd
W = KE + PE
W = Fd
W = KE + PE
=
W
W = KE KE1 + PE PE
=
W
W = KE KE1 + PE PE
PAd
PAd
W
=
PV
P
V

W
=
PV
P V P
PV
V==P
PV
VV
V- -P
PV
VV
V++PV
PVggh
h- -

PV
PVg
gh
h
P-P
P-P==PP( (VV-V
V) )++g
g(h-h)
(h-h)
Pressure
Pressure
Head
Head

11
PP VV

Velocity
Velocity
Head
Head

P = V
P = V
P = V
P = V

Elevation
Elevation
Head
Head

TORRICELLIS THEOREM
TORRICELLIS THEOREM
Evangelista Torricelli
Evangelista Torricelli
P1
P1

P1 = P2
P1 = P2
V1 = 0
V1 = 0

V1
V1

h1 =o
h1 =o

1 2
0 1v2 2 gh
0 2 v2 gh
2

11 2
ghgh v2v 2
22 2

22gh
ghvv2 2
P2
P2

Freefall
Freefall

SAMPLE PROBLEMS :
SAMPLE PROBLEMS :
1.A tank is filled with water to a height H. A hole is punch in one of
1.A tank is filled with water to a height H. A hole is punch in one of
the walls at a depth Y below the water surface. How far from the
the walls at a depth Y below the water surface. How far from the
base of the tank will the water strike.
base of the tank will the water strike.
0

V0
V0
H

V
H

y
V

d
yd
y
dx
dx

1 2
dy V0 y gt
1
2 gt 2
dy V0 y
dy H y 2
dy H y

V 2 gy
V 2 gy
V V0
V V0

1
H y 1gt 2 2
H y 2 gt
2
2( H y )
2
2( H y ) t 2
t
g
g
2( H y )
t
2( H y )
t
g
g

dxdx V0Vxtxt; ;V0Vx x V0V


0
0
0
V0 y 0
V0 y 0

dx V0t
dx V0t

2( H y )
dx 2 gy
2( H y )
dx 2 gy g
g
dx 4 y ( H y )
dx 4 y ( H y )
dx 2 y ( H y )
dx 2 y ( H y )

2. Gasoline leaks out on the hole inch in diameter at the


2. Gasoline leaks out on the hole inch in diameter at the
buttom of the tank at the rate of 10 gal/min. How high is
buttom of the tank at the rate of 10 gal/min. How high is
gasoline in the tank.
gasoline in the tank.
gasoline = 0.68 g/cc
gasoline = 0.68 g/cc

LNDM

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