Curriculum Development

in Indonesia
Yudhie Indra

How Do We Define Curriculum?

Curriculum
school.
Curriculum
Curriculum
Curriculum
Curriculum
objectives.

is that which is taught at

is
is
is
is

a set of subjects.
content.
a sequence of courses.
a set of performance

How Do We Define Curriculum?

Curriculum is all planned learning
for which the school is
responsible.
Curriculum is all the experiences
learners have under the
guidance of the school.
John Delnay (1959.)

How Do We Define
Curriculum?
According to Bandi & Wales (2005),
the most common definition derived
from the word Latin root, which
means racecourse.
Bandi & Wales (2005) also stated that
for many students, the school
curriculum is a race to be run, a
series of obstacles or hurdles
(subjects) to be passed.

How Do We Define
Curriculum?
It is important to keep in mind that
schools in the Western Civilization
have been heavily influenced since
the fourth century B.C. by the
philosophies of Plato and Aristotle and
the word curriculum has been used
historically to describe the subjects
that are being taught during the
classical period of Greek Civilization.

How Do We Define
Curriculum?
The interpretation of the word
curriculum has broaden in the 20th
century to include subjects other that
the Classics. Today school
documents, newspaper articles,
committee reports, and many
academic textbooks refer to any and
all subjects offered are prescribed as
the curriculum of the school.

Curriculum as a Discipline
Curriculum as a discipline is a subject
of study, and on the Graduate level
of Higher Education a major field of
study.

Curriculum as a Discipline
Graduate and undergraduate students take
courses in:
Curriculum development
Curriculum theory
Curriculum Evaluation
Secondary School Curriculum
Elementary School Curriculum
Middle School Curriculum
Community College Curriculum
Curriculum in Higher Education

History of Curriculum

Three focus points for Curriculum

Decisions

History of Curriculum
1. The Nature of Subject Matter
Content of the curriculum, and what subject matter to
include in
the curriculum.
The subject matter of history should be based on evens that
actually happened in the past.

2. The Nature of the Society

If the curriculum is to have utilitarian values, then it must
lead the student not only to knowledge of the external world
for its own sake, but also to knowledge that can be applied
in the world.

History of Curriculum
3. The Nature of the Individuals
The third basic focal point around which decisions
about curricula can be made is the nature of the
individual.
The curriculum is also a set of suggestions to the
teacher about how to take advantage of the present
opportunities worthwhile, growth for each student in
the long run.
The History of Curricula of American school during
the 20th century is, therefore, a history of these
three focal points for deciding on content ad making
other curriculum decisions.

History of Curriculum
Colonial Era and the Early United
States
Curriculum was not an issue in Colonial America
during the early years of the United States.
Colonies along the Atlantic seaboard were under
British control during the 17th/18th centuries.
These immigrants were from many European
nations.
Despite their differences the settlers shared
common assumptions about education.

History of Curriculum
First Common Assumptions:
Few people needed formal Education.
Mass Education was not heard.

Second Common Assumptions:

Formal Education should be directed at
bringing people into conformity with some
prevailing idea of what and Educated
person should be.

History of Curriculum

Given these assumptions about education

and how
they worked out in schools of colonial
America, the
focus point of the curriculum was the nature
of subject matter.

Tyler Paradigsm
in Curriculum (1945)

Indonesian
Curriculum Development
1. CURRICULUM 1947 / LEER PLAN
2. CURRICULUM 1952
3. CURRICULUM 1968
4. CURRICULUM 1975
5. CURRICULUM 1984
6. CURRICULUM 1994 AND SUPPLEMENT CURRICULUM 1999
7. CURICCULUM 2004
8. KTSP 2006 / KURIKULUM TINGKAT SATUAN PENDIDIKAN
9. NATIONAL CHARACTERS CURRICULUM