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ECIV 320 Structural Analysis I

Influence Lines

LAST TIME
ANALYSIS OF FORCES DUE TO
LIVE LOADS

Live or Moving Loads

Variable point of Application


Temporary Loads

Common Structures

Bridges
Industrial Crane Rails
Conveyors
Floor Girders

any other structure where


loads move across its
span

INFLUENCE LINES
Variation of
Reaction, Shear, Moment or
Deflection
at a SPECIFIC POINT
concentrated force
moving on member

due to a

LAST TIME
Procedures
Tabulate Values
Place UNIT LOAD at a number of fixed locations
Perform a series of static analyses to determine the value
of reaction/shear/moment/deflection at the specific point.
Tabulate Values

Influence Line Equations


Place UNIT LOAD at a variable location x
Perform a static analysis to determine the function
of reaction/shear/moment/deflection at the specific
point as a function of x.

LAST TIME

HINTS:
Beware of Points of Discontinuities
Influence lines of statically determinate beams consist of straight line
segments
Place unit load at points representing the end points of these segments

Qualitative Influence Lines

Muller-Breslau Principle
Influence Line for a function is to the same scale as the
deflected shape of the beam when the beam is acted upon
by the function

Qualitative Influence Lines

Qualitative Influence Lines

Influence Lines for Beams


Concentrated Loads

Distributed Loads

Live Loads for Highway BRIDGES


Caused by Traffic
Heaviest: Series of Trucks
Specifications: AASHTO
American Association of State and
Highway Transportation Officials

Load Desigantions
15 Tons (10-20)

H 15-44
2 Axle Truck

20 Tons

HS 20-44
Year of
Specifications

2 Axle Truck &


1 Axle Semitrailer

Year of
Specifications

Simplification: Uniform Load plus a Concnetrated force placed at critical


locations

Live Loads for Railroad BRIDGES

Specifications: AREA
American Railroad Engineers
Associations

Load Desigantions

E-72
Devised by
Theodore Cooper
1894

Loading on Driving
Axle

M-72
Devised by D.B.
Steinman

Loading on Driving
Axle

Impact Loads
Moving Vehicles Bounce as they move over Bridge
=> Impact Loads
Calculated as % of Live Loads - Impact Factor I

50
I
L 125

Maximum Influence due to a Series of Concentrated


Loads - Shear

Maximum Influence due to a Series of Concentrated


Loads - Shear

Maximum Influence due to a Series of Concentrated


Loads - Shear

Maximum Influence due to a Series of Concentrated


Loads - Shear

V12 5.375 5.25 0.125

V23 2.5 5.375 2.875

Maximum Influence due to a Series of Concentrated


Loads - Shear

Maximum Influence due to a Series of Concentrated


Loads - Shear
To compute change

Sloping Line

V Ps x2 x1
Jump

V P y2 y1

Maximum Influence due to a Series of Concentrated


Loads - Moment

Maximum Influence due to a Series of Concentrated


Loads - Moment
Sloping Line

M Ps x2 x1

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