GROUP MEMBERS

Muhammad Salman
Naeem Gul
Hamza Javaid
Noman Shabbir
Hafiz Saifullah
Moaz Tariq
Junaid Ahmad

13-EE-104
13-EE-120
13-EE-124
13-EE-128
13-EE-132
13-EE-136
13-EE-140

ROLE OF COLUMNS IN
CONSTRUCTION

Definition:The vertical support

which is free from all sides taking the
load of beam slab etc. and transfers
the load to the earth independently is
called column.

Importance:Columns are probably

the most important element in
building . they hold up and maintain
the structure of building , like bones
in our skeleton ,broken beam or
column can lead the collapse of whole
structure.

Column Structure:A column has

three main parts which are as follow:
1. The Base
2. The Shaft
3. The Capital

The Base:Most columns rest on a

round or square base.

The Shaft:The main part of the

column, the shaft, may be smooth,
fluted (grooved), or carved with
designs.

The Capital:The top of the column

may be simple or elaborately
decorated.

Types:Based

on slenderness ratio:1. Long Column Or Slender

2. Short Column
3. Intermediate Column
Based on shape:1. Rectangle
2. Square
3. Circular
4. Polygon

Based On Type Of Loading:1. Axially loaded column.

2. A column subjected to axial load and
un axial bending.
3. A column subjected to axial load and
biaxial bending.

Based On Pattern Of Lateral

Enforcement:1. Tied columns
2. Spiral columns

Process For Construction of

Column:1. Foundation:The construction process of foundation is
as follows:
Excavating the earth from foundation
Laying cement concrete in foundation
Placing steel bar net in footing as per
design and also placing vertical bars of
column in footing on the steel bar net as
per design.

 Laying form work in footing.

Laying cement concrete 1: 2:4 or 1:1-1/2:3
in footing up to required height as per design.
Curing work and refilling of earth around
footing.
2. Super Structure:After the construction of footing and pedestal
the construction of column is started.

The process of construction is

following.
Tie up all rings around and into
vertical steel bars according to design.
Fix form work of required size with
vertical steel bars.
Lay cement concrete in form work
according to design.
Take proper curing of RCC column.

Types of Reinforcements For

Columns And Their
Requirements:1. Longitudinal Reinforcement:Minimum area of cross-section of
longitudinal bars must be at least 0.8% of
gross section area of the column.
Maximum area of cross-section of
longitudinal bars must not exceed 6% of
the gross cross-section area of the
column.

The bars should not be less than

12mm in diameter.

Minimum number of longitudinal

bars must be four in rectangular
column and 6 in circular column.

Spacing of longitudinal bars

measures along the periphery of a
column should not exceed 300mm.

2. Transverse Reinforcement:It maybe in the form of lateral ties or

spirals.
The diameter of the lateral ties should not
be less than 1/4th of the diameter of the
largest longitudinal bar and in no case
less than 6mm.
The pitch of lateral ties should not exceed
Least

lateral dimension
16 x diameter of longitudinal bars (small)
300mm

3. Helical Reinforcement:The diameter of helical bars should

not be less than 1/4th the diameter of
largest longitudinal and not less than
6mm.
The pitch should not exceed (if helical
reinforcement is allowed)
75mm
1/6th of the core diameter of the
column

Pitch should not be less than,

25mm
3 x diameter of helical bar
Pitch should not exceed (if helical
reinforcement is not allowed)
Least lateral dimension
16 x diameter of longitudinal bar
(smaller)
300mm

Classical Form Of Columns:Some of the

classical forms of column are as under:
1.Doric order
2.Tuscan order
3.Ionic order
4.Corinthian order
5.Composite order
6.Solomonic

Thanks