H-BRIDGE

Sachin T John
EE/ISP
14EE64D01
1

Index

Introduction to H-Bridge.
Construction.
DC Motor Control.
Operation.
Micro-controller Interfacing.
Conclusion.
2

H-BRIDGE

OPERATION

Image Courtesy:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H_bridge

AnH bridgeis anelectronic circuit

that enables a voltage to be applied
across a load in either direction.
3

CONSTRUCTION

CONSTRUCTION

Image Courtesy:
Solarbotics
A

Function

Forward

Reverse

Brake

Brake

Fuse Test

Fuse Test
5

DC MOTOR CONTROL
A motor control circuit:
Provides power to the motor coils in
either polarity
Allows the external logic to control
direction/speed

There are two basic types of motor

controllers
Electromechanical relay based
controllers
Semiconductor based controllers (H6
bridges)

Relay Motor Control Circuit

Advantages
Uses simple, robust electromechanical devices
Can handle high voltages and large currents

Disadvantages
Requires periodic maintenance (cleaning
contacts)
Relatively slow due to inertia in mechanical parts
Contact make/break/bounce sparks creating EMI
or possible explosion hazard

Example: Used under the hood in cars

7

H-Bridge v/s Relays

A "double pole double throw" relay can
generally achieve the same electrical
functionality as an H-bridge.
H-bridge would be preferable where: a smaller physical size is needed.
high speed switching.
low driving voltage.
where the wearing out of mechanical
parts is undesirable.
Image Courtesy:
http://www.ecs.umass.edu

H-bridge Motor Control

Circuit
A DC motor requires one H-bridge per motor: The direction is determined by the inputs (1 or 2)
The motor can be turned on and off by a ucontroller.

A bipolar stepper motor requires two H-Bridge

circuits per motor: The direction is determined by the ordering of the
logic signals to the inputs (1, 2, 3, or 4)
The speed is controlled by the speed of sequencing

Controlling a PMDC Motor Options

DC operation
Rotational speed of the DC motor is fixed at a
given voltage and load
PWM Operation
Average voltage (and rotational speed) can be
controlled by opening/closing the switches
quickly
Braking
Shorting the terminals or momentarily
reversing the drive
Others

10

OPERATION

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Controlling a Permanent Magnet DC (PMDC)

Motor
Bi-directional PM DC motors are controlled with
an "H-Bridge" circuit consisting of the motor and
four power switches

Animation Courtesy: Infineon

12

Turning On a PMDC Motor

One switch is closed in each leg of the
"H"
One switch is open in each leg of the "H"

Current

Animation Courtesy: Infineon

13

Turning On a PMDC Motor

in the Other Direction
One switch is closed in each leg of the
"H"
One switch is open in each leg of the "H

Current

Animation Courtesy: Infineon

14

Controlling a Permanent
Magnet DC (PMDC) Motor
Unidirectional motors are controlled by a
half-H bridge circuit

Current

Animation Courtesy: Infineon

15

Micro-Controller
Interfacing
H-bridge allows a microcontroller full
control over a standard electric DC
motor.
That is, with an H-bridge, a
microcontroller, logic chip, or remote
control can electronicallyImage
command
a
Courtesy:
http://www.ecs.umass.edu
motor to go forward, reverse,
brake,
and coast.
16

L298 - dual full-H driver

Image Courtesy:
solarbotics

Output current per channel = 2A. Hence, heat sink is

provided.
17
Protective Diodes against back EMF must be provided

Micro-Controller
Interfacing

18

Micro-Controller
Interfacing
Image Courtesy:
Afrotechmods

19

Micro-Controller
Interfacing Image Courtesy:
Afrotechmods

20

REFERENCES
www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink
freescale.com/files/analog/doc
www.st.com/web/en/catalog/sense_p
ower/FM142/CL851/.../PF63147
Wikipedia.org
http://www.ecs.umass.edu
http://www.afrotechmods.com
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Thankyou!

22

Images Courtesy: http://www.ecs.umass.edu