Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Protection Schemes
Pilot Relay Schemes
Tribhuwan Choubey SCE/TDBU/ECQ
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Introduction
Relays at the Transmission terminals talk with
each other using telecommunication media.
Pilot relays do not pick up for faults outside their
defined zone of protection.
Pilot relays pick up instantaneously for faults
within their defined zone of protection.
For increased reliability some type of backup
protection is also provided
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Relay communication
Leased Telephone Line ( 56 or 64kbps over copper)
Power Line Carrier (PLC 64kbps) Twisted copper
wire for 2/ 3 terminals
Microwave or UHF radio (Multiplexed 1.544 mbits/
sec DS1 signal 24 channels)
Dedicated Optical Fiber (Single Mode 10 miles or
Multi mode 60 miles)
SONET (Multiplexed Symmetrical Optical Network Synchronous)
T1 Multiplexing 1.544 mbits/ sec (Asynchronous
voice and data communication)
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Microwave Tower
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Microwave Tower
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SONETcommunication
SONET - Synchronous Optical Network
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SPCU relays are used for Phase comparison for Phase and Phase to
Ground faults
Microwave is used for communication of current phasors. Guard signals
are transmitted for communication health. Relay trips in 9 cycles on loss
of guard signal. Noise on communication channel will block tripping.
SRU/ UIO as auxiliary relay for annunciation purpose
Directional comparison blocking ( SLYP/ SLYN) compares current
direction at both terminals to determine in zone or out of zone faults to
block tripping
SLYP provides Zone1 element ( 80% of line: instantaneous trip with TT),
Zone2 (125% of Line) (Instantaneous for in zone fault and TT or
blocking signal for out of zone faults) and Zone3 (180% of line sends
blocking signal out of zone faults)
SLYN provides Directional overcurrent, trip for in zone faults and block
for out of zone faults
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DCB Philosophy
Impedance relays trip instantaneously for z1 faults
covering 80% of line
Over reaching impedance relays with z2 faults operate
with time delay covering 125% of the line
Directional comparison Blocking (DCB) allows over
reaching relays to trip instantaneously by blocking out of
zone faults
Thus Phase Distance Relays and ground over current
relays can provide instantaneous protection for in zone
faults
Only one Communication channel is used for sending
blocking signal only , used with PLC schemes
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Some of the new microprocessor based relays being used in the industry are as
follows:
D60 Hybrid POTT Relays from GE
L90 Differential with DTT from GE
PLC Transfer Trip via RFL-9780
MW Transfer Trip via RFL-9745
FO Transfer Trip via RFL-9745
SEL 421 POTT/ DTT with PLC from Schweitzer Electric
SEL-311L Differential with DTT from Schweitzer Electric
SEL-311C POTT from Schweitzer Electric
Communication Details:
Serial RS485 communication Port
Ethernet full duplex network
Modbus communication Protocol
IEC61850 communication data architecture
Communication speed 9600MB/sec
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