EUL(HSUPA)

Prepared By:
Sumon Kumar Biswas
Network Quality, ROBI

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Contents:

Cellular Technology Evolution

HSPA Overview
WCDMA Background and HSUPA Evolution
Why HSUPA
Introduction of HSUPA
Difference Between the HSDPA and HSUPA
HSUPA Channels
HSUPA Protocol Layer
HSUPA Key FeaturesHSUPA Scheduiling
HSUPA HARQ
Enhanced Uplink TTI
Multicodes with HSUPA
Mobility with HSUPA
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Cellular Technology Evolution:

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HSPA Overview:
High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) is an amalgamation of two mobile telephony
protocols, High Speed Downlink Packet Access(HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet
Access(HSUPA), that extends and improves the performance of existing 3G mobile
telecommunication networks utilizing the WCDMA protocols.

HSPA evolution first introduced downlink counterpart called HSDPA in Release 5.

Uplink evolution followed later in Release 6 by the name of HSUPA.

HSPA was originally designed for non-real time traffic with high transmission rate
requirements.

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WCDMA Background and HSUPA Evolution:

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Why HSUPA?
Provides the Improvement in WCDMA uplink capabilities and performance in
terms of
Higher data rates
Reduced Latency
Improved System Capacity

It is a complement to HSDPA
High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) is also known as Enhanced Uplink

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Introduction of HSUPA:

Enhanced Uplink is defined in 3GPP Release 6

Combines HSDPA by enabling a fast uplink connection
EUL enhances uplink throughput first to 1.4 Mbps, later to 5.76 Mbps
Main features are
Fast Node B scheduling for uplink
Fast Hybrid Automatic Repeat Requests (HARQs)
Short Transmission Time Interval (TTI)
Multicode transmission
Introduces 5 new physical channels and 2 new MAC layer protocols

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Difference Between the HSDPA and HSUPA(1/2)

HSDPA (DL)

HSUPA (UL)

The Shared resource is transmission power Shared resource is the amount of allowed
and code space, located at NodeB
uplink interference which depends on the
transmission power of multiple distributed
UE.
The scheduler and the transmission buffer
are located at the same place in NodeB

The scheduler is located at NodeB and

transmission buffers are distributed in the
UEs. Therefore UE needs to signal buffer
status information to the scheduler.

Different transmit channel are orthogonal.

In HSDPA, where a (more or less) constant
transmission power with rate adaptation is
used.

WCDMA uplink is inherently non-orthogonal

and subject to interference between uplink
transmission within the same cell.
Therefore Fast Power Control is essential
for uplink to handle near-far problem.

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Difference Between the HSDPA and HSUPA(2/2)

HSDPA (DL)

HSUPA (UL)

No Soft handover. Transmission from

Soft handover is supported. Receiving data
multiple cells in case of HSDPA is
from a terminal in multiple cell is
cumbersome and with questionable benefit. fundamentally beneficial as it provides
diversity

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HSUPA Channels(1/3):
Introduces 5 new physical channels, 2 for uplink and 3 for downlink
Uplink channels:
E-DPDCH (E-DCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel)
Carries uplink user data = E-DCH traffic channel
SF 2-256, power controlled
Number of parallel E-DPDCHs is 1-4
E-DPCCH (E-DCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel)
Carries uplink control information
SF 256, power controlled
Carries E-DCH Transport Format Combination Identifier (E-TFCI),
Retransmission Sequence Number (RSN) and a single bit called
happy bit
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HSUPA Channels(2/3):
Downlink channels:
E-AGCH (E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel)
Carries absolute scheduling grants, SF 256
E-RGCH (E-DCH Relative Grant Channel)
Carries relative scheduling grants, SF 128
E-HICH (E-DCH HARQ Indicator Channel)
Carries ACKs/NACKs, SF 256

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HSUPA Channels(3/3):

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HSUPA Protocol Layer(1/2)

New MAC-layer protocols

MAC-e
Between UE and Node B
Controls HARQs and scheduling
MAC-es
Between UE and SRNC
Reorders MAC-es Protocol Data Units (PDUs) in case of soft handover
Disassembles dedicated channels in RNC

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HSUPA Protocol Layer(2/2)

Enhanced Dedicate Channel (E-DCH) Protocol Architecture:

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HSUPA Features
Provides following new features:
Fast Node-B scheduling
Scheduling is moved from SRNC to Node B, enables faster response times
to constantly changing radio environments
Node B based scheduling keeps noise raise as high as possible -> each
user gets best possible uplink throughputs
Fast HARQ
Retransmission control moved from SRNC to Node B, enables faster
retransmission
Short TTI
New 2 ms TTI option to combine mandatory 10 ms TTI
Enables faster retransmissions -> reduced round trip times
Multicode transmission
Up to 4 parallel E-DPDCHs (2 x SF2 & 2 x SF4 = 5.76 Mbps uplink
throughput in Layer 1)
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HSUPA Scheduling (1/4)

Scheduler at NodeB controls when and at what data rate the UE is allowed to
transmit.
High date rate High Power transmitted by Ues
High Power Higher Interference (due to UL non orthogonality)

Scheduler needs to manage the UL interference

If Interference is too high, UL transmission may not received properly.
If interference is too low, the full system capacity not exploited.

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HSUPA Scheduling (2/4)

Since the scheduler and transmission buffer are not co-located, there is
Request/Grant mechanism is defined. UE sends the Scheduling Request, indicating
its buffer occupancy. Scheduling Grant sent by the UEs to control the UE
transmission activity. The Scheduling Grants control the maximum allowed E-DCH-topilot power ratio the terminal may use; a large grant means higher data rate but also
contributes more to interference level in cell.

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HSUPA Scheduling (3/4)

As the interference increases in the cell, it affects the neighbor cell also, so inter-cell
interference needs to be controlled. The scheduler has allowed a UE to transmit at a
high data rate based on an acceptable intra-cell interference level, this may cause
non-acceptable interference to the neighboring cell. Therefore in soft handover, the
serving cell has the main responsibility for the scheduling operation, but UE monitors
scheduling information from all cells with which the UE is in soft handover.

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HSUPA Scheduling (4/4)

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HSUPA HARQ (soft combining)

It provide robustness against occasional transmission errors. A similar scheme as for
HSDPA
One main difference compared to HSDPA from the use of soft handover in uplink.
When UE is in soft handover, HARQ is terminated in multiple cells. It is possible
that few NodeB has not received data correctly and some NodeB has received
correctly. So If the UE receives an ACK from at least one of the NodeBs, the UE
consider the data to be successfully received

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HSUPA HARQ

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Enhanced Uplink - TTI

A new transport channel type is introduced Enhanced Dedicated Channel (E-DCH). It
can be configured with one or several DCHs.
Introduction of 2ms TTI for efficient packet-data support. It allows for rapid
adaptation of transmission parameters and reduction of the end-user delays
associated with packet-data transmission. But for large cells a longer TTI may be
beneficial as the payload in a 2ms TTI can become unnecessarily small and the
associated relative overhead too large. Hence the E-DCH supports two TTI lengths, 2
and 10ms and the network can configure the appropriate value.

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Multicodes with HSUPA (1/2)

Even though Rel99 DCH supports in theory multicode transmissions in practice only
E-DCH can support multicode transmissions and thus higher bitrates
In theory DCH can use 6xSF4 leading to 5.4 Mbps
E-DCH can in practice support 2xSF2 + 2xSF4 leading to 5.4 Mbps
The reason why DCH does not support multicodes is that the DCH is controlled by
RNC and thus DCH is rather slowly controllable

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Multicodes with HSUPA (2/2)

If the UE could send with fully utilizing multicodes in some time instant this might
not be the case later and UE might end up in power outage and thus wouldnt be
able to use its allocation
With RNC control reallocation of resources is slow => resources wasted
Also, HSUPA with HARQ increases the possibility to operate with higher BLER
target which leads to lower power requirement for corresponding data rate

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Mobility with HSUPA (1/2)

HSUPA supports the soft(er) handover procedure similar to WCDMA Rel99
The HARQ operation in HSUPA soft handover situation is done in following manor
If any Node B part of the active set sends an ACK, then the information given to
the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer is that an ACK has been received and
the MAC layer will consider the transmission successful

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Mobility with HSUPA (1/2)

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Thank You

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