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References
1.Focus Goal Science Pelangi
Classification of Microorganism
Size : 0.2 ʯm to 10 ʯm
Bact
eria Shape : Coccus Diplococcus Streptococcus
Coccus (spherical)
Spirilla
Bacillus (Spiral-shaped)
(Rod-shaped) Vibrio
(Comma-shaped)
Modes of nutrition :
1.Autotrophic – make own food by photosynthesis or from nitrite by chemosynthesis
2.Saprophytic – feed on dead and decaying organisms
3.Parasitic – Obtain food from living organisms
Reproduction :
Asexual
Binary fission & Spores formation
Sexual
Conjugation
Classification of Microorganism
Bacteriophage
Nutrition :
Viruses do not feed
Habitat : Live in living host cell, form crystals outside the cell
Mode of reproduction :
Making used of cellular components of living cells to make copies of itself
Classification of Microorganism
Size : 10 ʯm to 100 ʯm
Nutrition :
1.Saprohytic: secrete enzyme to break down dead organism before absorb the nutrients
2.Parasitic: obtain nutrients from living organisms (Tinea live on human skin)
Habitat :
Dark and damp places include decaying matter and bodies of living organism
zoa
Amoeba
Size : 5 ʯm to 250 ʯm
Nutrition :
1.Saprohytic: feed on dead organism and decaying matter
2.Parasitic: feed on living organisms
Spirogyra
Size : 1 ʯm to 100 ʯm
Nutrition :
1.Antotropic : most algae have chlorophyll to carry out photosynthesis
Habitat :
•Ponds, drains, rivers, seas
•Damp places – damp soil & tree barks
Mode of reproduction : Asexual (binary fission, fragmentation, spore formation) & sexual (con
Temperature
Optimum temperature is 37°C
Light
Most microorganism grow well in dark condition
Yeast grow easily when glucose is added Try yourself
Pathogens
Air are spread through
1.When patient coughs, sneezes or talks, pathogens are spread through d
2.When patient splits, pathogen & their spores spread through air when
ns pathogens from sewage or faeces from an infected person
contaminated water
Food
1.Can be contaminated if not cook properly, handling with dirty hand
Ways to prevent infection caused by microorganism
SPM 04,05
Control of vector
Understand the life cycles of vectors to prevent the vector from breeding [why we
need to under stand]
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. Lifecycle of
Lifecycle of a housefly
7. a mosquito
8.
9.
10.
11.
Sterilisation
1.The use of heat
An autoclave or a pressure cooker can be used to kill microorganism as well as
their spores
1.The use of chemicals
Sterilisation can be carried out by using antiseptics and disinfectants
1.The use of radiation
Sterilisation can also be carried out by using radiation such as gamma rays and
UV light
Immunity
Immunity is the ability of the body to fight against diseases
IMmUniTy
Passive
Active
Artificial
Artificial
Obtained through the injection of serum; obtained from animals that are already im
through vaccination. Vaccine is a dose of weakened or dead pathogen
Natural Natural
Obtained by babies while they are in the mother womb
ecovery from a certain disease - chickenpox
Way to treat diseases
Traditional Radiotherapy
medical
treatment Surgery
Antibiotic
Modern
medical
treatment
Synthetic drugs
Antiserum
Antifungal
Paracetamol
drugs
Useful
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