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Y = [ ? ] I
The
investment
(I) causes
Noteincreased
that the increase
in income
(Y)
the
economy
spiraltwice
upward
to a new
appears
to betoabout
the increase
equilibrium,
in investmentwhere
(I). the level of income
is higher by Y.
Note
Because
that of
in this
the lessened
economy,attenuation
the increase
of
theincome
successive
rounds of
and
in
(Y) appears
to earning
be several
times
spending,
the increase
the smallinI
investment
drives income
(I).
up by a substantial Y.
Y = C + I, where C = a + bY
Eq. 1.: Y = a + bY + I
Eq. 2.: Y + Y = a + bY + bY + I + I
Eq. 1.: Y
= a + bY
Y =
+I
bY
Y - bY = I
(1 b )Y = I
Y = [ 1/(1 b )] I
+ I
Y = [ 1/(1 b )] I
1/(1 b ) is the investment multiplier.
100.00
80.00
64.00
51.20
40.96
32.77
26.21
20.97
16.78
13.42
10.74
8.59
6.87
5.50
100.00
180.00
244.00
295.20
336.16
368.93
395.14
416.11
432.89
446.31
457.05
465.64
472.51
478.01
Y = 1/(1-b) I
1/(1-b) = 1/(1-0.80) = 5
I = 100
Y = 5 (100) = 500
Y = [ ? ] T
Y = C + I + G, where C = a + b(Y T)
1.: Y = a + b(Y T) + I + G
1.: Y = a + bY bT + I + G
Suppose T changes by T, causing Y to change by Y.
2.: Y + Y = a + bY + bY - bT -bT + I + G
= a + bY
Y =
bT
bY
Y - bY = -bT
(1 b)Y = -bT
+I+G
-bT
(1 b)Y = -bT
Y = [ -b/(1 b )] T
Compare
Y = [ - b/(1 b ) ] T
with
Y = [ 1/(1 b ) ] G
80.00
64.00
51.20
40.96
32.77
26.21
20.97
16.78
13.42
10.74
8.59
6.87
5.50
80.00
144.00
195.20
236.16
268.93
295.14
316.11
332.89
346.31
357.05
365.64
372.51
378.01
Y = -b/(1-b) T
-b/(1-b) = -0.80/(1-0.80) = -4
T = -100
Y = -4 (-100) = 400
The Multipliers
Y = 1/(1-b) I
Y = 1/(1-b) G
Y = -b/(1-b) T
}
}
YT = -b/(1-b) T
1/(1-b) = 1/(1-0.80) = 5
-b/(1-b) = -0.80/(1-0.80) = -4
G = 100
T = 100
YG = 5 (100) = 500
YT = -4 (100) = -400
Y = (G&T)
Y = G = T